{"title":"Building Blocks","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"high-current-high-voltage-opamp-with-boost-output-current-greater-than-1a-opa454","title":"High Current\/High Voltage OPAMP with Boost Output Current Greater Than 1A, OPA454","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis project provides\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh Voltage and High Current\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eoutput swing. The board is built using\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA454\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPAMP\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand 2 x high current NPN\/PNP BJT Transistors. Output transistors Q1 and Q2 provide positive and negative output currents to the load. The project works with an input power supply up to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\/-50V DC\u003c\/strong\u003e. OPAMP V\u003csub\u003eout\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eswings from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+47V to -48V\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eand OP output swings from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+44.1V to -45.1V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eat\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1A\u003c\/strong\u003e. Connect the J1 jumper to GND (EC Middle Pin + GND Pin) to Enable the output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe output can be independently disabled using the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnable\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eor Disable Pin that has its common return pin to allow easy interface to low-voltage logic circuitry. This disable is accomplished without disturbing the input signal path, not only saving power but also protecting the load.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTest is conducted with Dual\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\/- 25Vdc\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ePower Source, Load 10\/5W Ohms Resistor, Input +\/-1V, Output +\/-1A Dual 23V DC (Approx.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply +\/-50V DC (Range +\/-5V to +\/-50V DC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput Current Swings 1Amp\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput swings from +44.1 V to –45.1 V at IL = 1 A (Supply Dual 50V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput +\/-1V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndependent Output Disable or Shutdown\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4x4mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 76.20 x 29.37 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eApplications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eServo Drivers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTest Equipment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTransducer Drivers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-Voltage Compliance Current Sources\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral High-Voltage Regulators and Power\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA454\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edevice is a low-cost operational amplifier with high voltage (100 V) and relatively high current drive (50 mA). The OPA454 device is a low-cost operational amplifier with high voltage (100 V) and relatively high current drive (50 mA). It is unity-gain stable and has a gain-bandwidth product of 2.5 MHz\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe OPA454 is internally protected against overtemperature conditions and current overloads. It is fully specified to perform over a wide power-supply range of ±5 V to ±50 V or on a single supply of 10 V to 100 V. The status flag is an open-drain output that allows it to be easily referenced to standard low-voltage logic circuitry. This high-voltage operational amplifier provides excellent accuracy, wide output swing, and is free from phase inversion problems that are often found in similar amplifiers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46896525017260,"sku":"B101","price":90.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B101.jpg?v=1786102720"},{"product_id":"xenon-flash-tube-driver","title":"Xenon Flash Tube Driver","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis is a \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eXenon Flash\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e tube driver board and consists of a high voltage AC to DC converter circuit, a DC storage capacitor, a trigger circuit that will fire the xenon lamp, an Optocoupler to control the flashes etc. The circuit requires \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e220V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e and trigger pulse which should be between \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3V to 5V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. The input trigger pulse is optically isolated and can be interfaced with Arduino or other circuits. The circuit works well with a \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2Hz to 10Hz\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e trigger frequency.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply 220V AC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlash Frequency 2-10Hz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrigger Input 3V to 5V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrigger Input Optically Isolated\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 4 mm PCB Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 73.66 x 43.18 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 220V AC Live, Pin 2 GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 5V Trigger Input, Pin 2 GND (Flash Trigger Input 3V to 5V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3: Pin 1 Flash Tube Anode, Pin 2 Flash Tube Trigger, Pin 3 Flash Tube Cathode\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47035931721900,"sku":"B102","price":48.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B102_1.jpg?v=1787560331"},{"product_id":"overcurrent-over-discharge-protector-for-lead-acid-batteries","title":"Overcurrent \/ Over-discharge Protector for Lead Acid Batteries","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe project described here protects and monitors a Lead-Acid battery against too-low battery voltage and over-current conditions. The circuit consists of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMAX4373\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecurrent-sense amplifier with internal dual comparators and P-channel MOSFET in series with the battery and its load. It works as a normally closed switch which can be opened if the current-sense amplifier and comparators detect either a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ehigh load current OR\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ea\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elow battery voltage\u003c\/strong\u003e. When over current condition occurs, the comparator latches the output and can be reset by onboard push switch\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSW1.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe circuit protects a lead-acid battery by disconnecting its load in the presence of excessive current (\u003cstrong\u003emore than 5A\u003c\/strong\u003e), or a low terminal voltage indicating excessive discharge (\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt; 10.5V\u003c\/strong\u003e). The battery and load are connected using\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.025Ω\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecurrent-sense resistors (R1, R3, R4, R7) and P-channel power MOSFET U1. U1 can handle\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof drain-source voltage and continuous current greater than 5A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIC U3 is a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emicropower\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edevice drawing only\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e50µA\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof supply current. It contains a dual comparator and a high-side current-sense amplifier whose output current is proportional to the current through (R1+R3+R4+R7). The top comparator (C2) senses battery voltage via R2\/R5, and drives COUT2 low when the voltage falls below 10.5V. That action turns on LED D2, turns off Q1, and allows R6 to turn off U1 by pulling its gate high. Thus, the battery load is removed when the battery voltage is less than\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10.5V.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eRecharging the battery turns U1 back on automatically. C2’s internal 1.5% hysteresis prevents output oscillation near the switching threshold. A linear regulator U2 provides a stable 5V for pull-up resistors R9 and R12. It also sources the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.5mA\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003erequired for fault indicator LED D2. LED D1 indicates the output power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe output of latched comparator C1 is normally low, which turns off Q2 and allows normal operation. When a load current above 5A drives the CIN1, the voltage goes above 0.6V, the open-drain output COUT1 is latched high (open), allowing R9 to pull T2’s gate high. The resulting low on CIN2 drives COUT2 low, disconnecting the load and illuminating LED D2 just as an over-discharge does, except the load remains disconnected until U3’s active-low RESET input (normally pulled high via R12) is pulled to ground via the normally-open pushbutton switch SW1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections and Other Details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 Battery Red Terminal +12V, Pin 2 Battery Black Terminal GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 + DC Output, Pin 2 GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1: Output Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD2: Fault LED Over Voltage OR Over Current\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSW1: Reset Switch\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput 12V Lead Acid Battery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput Load Current up to 5A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow Battery Threshold 10.5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Reset Switch\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn-Board Fault LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn-Board Output LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 53.18 x 32.86mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 3mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47048580825260,"sku":"B103","price":25.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B103A.jpg?v=1787650367"},{"product_id":"stepper-motor-based-rotary-encoder-with-clock-and-up-down-direction-signal-output","title":"Stepper Motor Based Rotary Encoder with Clock and Up\/Down Direction Signal Output","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis Module enables the users to use a stepper motor as a rotary encoder for position control and Up\/Down direction control. A bipolar stepper motor can be used as a rotary sensor as it generates two channel strings of pulses by turning the shaft. The circuit provides\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep pulse\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUp\/Down Direction\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esignals by rotating the stepper motor shaft clockwise or counterclockwise directions. The outputs are\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTTL logic\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esignals. The operating supply is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5V DC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand the circuit consumes very low current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMode Selection Jumper J1\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMode\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehas a 3-states to select output resolutions X1, X2, and X4. The input quadrature clock rate is multiplied by factors of 1,2 and 4 in X1, X2, and X4 mode respectively, in the producing output.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eR\u003csub\u003eBIAS\u003c\/sub\u003e– Resistor R8 (Range 2K Ohm to 10M Ohms) – Refer to Figure below\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe value of this resistor is responsible for the output clock pulse width. Alter the value to change the output pulse width. Refer to the datasheet for more info.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply 5V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsumes Approx. 25mA Current\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput to output delay 340nS for chip LS7184\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Protection 240V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEasy Interface for Any Bipolar Stepper Motor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput Clock and Up\/Down Direction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper for Output Pulse Multiply X1, X2, and X4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 32.70 x 19.69mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 2.5mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections and other details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 = VCC 5V DC, Pin 2 = GND, Pin 3 = Clock Output, Pin 4 = Up\/Down Direction Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 = Input 1-S1 Stepper Motor 1A, Pin 2 = GND-Stepper Motor 1B, Pin 3 = GND-Stepper Motor 2B, Pin 4 = Input 2-S2 Stepper Motor 2A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper J1 Mode Selection: Jumper 1 VCC = X2 Output, Jumper J1 GND = Normal Output, Jumper J1 Open\/Float X4 Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1 LED: Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper J2: Connect to GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the shaft of the stepper motor is turned two coils of the bipolar stepper motor generate two electrical signals which are connected to IN1 and IN2 of the U1\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNCV1124\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echip. The chip continuously compares the stepper motor output signal to a user−programmable internal reference. An alternating input signal of appropriate amplitude at IN1 or IN2 results in a rectangular waveform at the corresponding OUT terminal OP1 and OP2, both these signals are interfaced to the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLS7184\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003equadrature clock converter. When both signals are applied to the A and B inputs of the LS7184 they are converted to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClock\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUp\/Down\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edirection control. These outputs can be interfaced directly with standard Up\/Down counters for direction and position sensing of the stepper motor. The number of pulses per rotation depends on the stepper motor output. Output pulses are proportional to stepper motor output. A standard 1.8-degree stepper motor provides\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e200 Pulses\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eper rotation.  Any small or big-size bipolar motor can be used as a rotary sensor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47048885534892,"sku":"B104","price":26.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B104A.jpg?v=1787653389"},{"product_id":"easy-prototype-board-for-soic8-msop8-sot23-3-4-5-6-packages","title":"Easy Prototype Board for SOIC8\/MSOP8\/SOT23-3\/4\/5\/6 Packages","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis is an 8-pin SOIC\/MSOP\/SOT23-3\/4\/5\/6 prototype board. This is a blank PCB that allows the operation of many chips from various manufacturers. Each device pin is connected to a pull-up resistor, a pull-down resistor, an in-line resistor, and a capacitor on VCC.  All pins are provided with a male header connector.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupports 8-pin SOIC package\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupports 6-pin SOT23-3\/4\/5\/6 (TSSOP) package\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupports 8-pin MSOP package\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAll Resistors and capacitor Size 0805\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEach device pin has a footprint for an optional pull-up resistor, a pull-down resistor, In line resistor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 Pin Male Header connector and power supply filtering capacitors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 39.21 x 30.00mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 2.5mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47162347815084,"sku":"B105","price":8.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B105A.jpg?v=1788945339"},{"product_id":"bluetooth-smart-led-dimmer-4-channel-bluetooth-on-off-switch","title":"Bluetooth Smart LED Dimmer – 4 Channel Bluetooth ON\/OFF Switch","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBluetooth Smart LED Dimmer\u003c\/strong\u003e, 4 Channel ON\/OFF Switch is a versatile device that enables users to control various devices, including lights, fans, and DC motors, using a Bluetooth app on an Android device. The device features a 4-channel dimmer that can handle inductive or resistive loads with a power supply range of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12V to 48V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand a current capacity of up to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3A\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eper channel. The project is designed to work with DC loads and includes freewheeling diodes across all 4 MOSFETs to handle inductive loads such as DC motors and solenoids. The device requires a dual power supply, with a logic supply of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12V-15V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand a load supply of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12V to 48V\u003c\/strong\u003e. However, it can also operate with a single supply of 12V-15V by tying the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eV\u003csub\u003eDD\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eV\u003csub\u003eL\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epins together.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePower Supply\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLogic Supply 12V to 15V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Supply 12V to 48V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProject Can work with Single Power, if the load supply is 12V to 15V (By Tying VDD and VL Pins)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Each Channel 3A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eApplications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4-channel on\/off switch for LED, lamp, fan, and other devices\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4-channel dimmer for adjusting brightness levels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDC motor on\/off control\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDC motor speed control\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4-channel solenoid driver\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eATMEGA328 microcontroller compatible with Arduino\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x MOSFETS for switching and dimming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x MOSFET gate driver for efficient switching\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHC-05 Bluetooth module for wireless connectivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrew terminals for connecting loads and power supply\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower LED indicator\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Regulator to Power the Microcontroller (5V DC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x LED indicators for channel output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8-pin header connector for Arduino programming and bootloader\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-Value DC Bus Capacitor for Smooth Operations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 4 mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 64.45 x 59.69 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47170923561132,"sku":"B106","price":29.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B106A.jpg?v=1789026148"},{"product_id":"2-channel-smart-dual-coil-latching-relay-board-2-channel-bistable-relay-module","title":"2 Channel Smart Dual Coil Latching Relay Board – 2 Channel Bistable Relay Module","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSmart Dual Coil Latching Relay\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethat can control the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eON\/OFF\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epower of a device by applying a short voltage pulse to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInput 1\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInput 2\u003c\/strong\u003e. This project is helpful in low-power applications since the coil is not powered all the time, it only requires a short voltage pulse. Relay Coil also remains in that position even if the power is disconnected. Polarized, bi-stable, latching relays are utilized in many kinds of electronic equipment and diverse applications. These relays usually employ two coils, one to move the relay contacts(s) from the open to close position and another coil to move the contacts(s) from the close to the open position.  to facilitate mechanical movement, the relay coils need to be energized for a specific time interval. Once the contact(s) have changed position, the voltage should be removed from the winding of the relay. As shown in the schematic, a dual-coil relay is connected to its supply rail at the center point of the two relay windings Each winding can be energized by applying a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTTL-short\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epulse to input A1, A2, B1, and B2. Diode D6, D7, D8, and D9 are used as clamping diodes. Operation is very simple, apply a minimum 150mS-500mS trigger voltage to input A1\/B1, this will energize relay coil -1 and the coil moves contact(s) open to close, and when the pulse applies to input A2\/B2, coil-2 energized and moves the contact(s) from close to open. All inputs can be triggered using push switches, Arduino\/microcontroller and other circuits, applying\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e150mS to 500mS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eTTL pulse will energize the coil.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply 12V DC @ 60mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x Inputs to trigger Relay Contacts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelay Contacts Current Load 16A Maximum\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 54.61 x 44.45mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnectors\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConnector CN1\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin1: VCC 12V DC @ 40mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin2: Relay 1 Coil-1 A1 Trigger Input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin3: Relay 1 Coil-2 A2 Trigger Input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin4: Relay 2 Coil-1 B1 Trigger Input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin5: Relay 2 Coil-2 B2 Trigger Input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin6: GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConnector CN1:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eRelay 1 Connections Open, Common, Closed\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConnector CN2:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eRelay 2 Connections Open, Common, Closed\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLED D1, D2, D4, D5\u003c\/strong\u003e: Relay Operations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLED D3:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ePower LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47171147464876,"sku":"B107","price":28.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B107A.jpg?v=1789028994"},{"product_id":"4-channel-relay-board","title":"4 Channel Relay Board","description":"\u003cp\u003e4 Channel Relay Board is a simple and convenient way to interface 4 relays for switching application in your project. Very compact design that can fit in small area, mainly this board is made for low voltage applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput supply 12 VDC @ 170 mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput four SPDT relay\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelay specification  10A\/24V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrigger level 2 ~ 5 VDC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeader Connector for connecting power and trigger voltage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLED on each channel indicates relay status\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Battery Terminal (PBT) for easy relay output and aux power connection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFour mounting holes of 3.2 mm each\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47171432677548,"sku":"B108","price":8.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B108A.jpg?v=1789032788"},{"product_id":"arduino-compatible-2-digit-7-segment-display-board-for-timer-counter","title":"Arduino Compatible 2-digit 7-segment Display Board for Timer\/Counter","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eThis  is an open source 2-digit 7 segment Arduino compatible display board. It can used in many applications that require 2-digit display and switches inputs. Possible application of this board is a 2-digit counter, 2-digit countdown timer, token display, score board etc. 2 x 7 segment 0.56-inch Common cathode displays are used in multiplexing mode. Refer to the connection table to check connections between display segments and Atmega328 chip. A led connected to A4 pin of IC is used as indicator LED. All 3 switches have pull-up resistors of 10Kohms, 220E ohms series resistors used between I\/O pin of Atmega328 chip and display segments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFeatures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOperating Power Supply VCC 5V DC @ 50mA (CN1)\u003cbr\u003e3 Tactile Switches with pull up resistors\u003cbr\u003eA LED on A4 pin for function\u003cbr\u003eExample code provided below so you can test the board. it is 99 second count down timer with adjustable time 00 to 99 Seconds.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47182734950572,"sku":"B109","price":18.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B109A.jpg?v=1789100105"},{"product_id":"large-current-relay-driver","title":"Large Current Relay Driver","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a large current Relay module with single pole double throw switch which provides normally closed and normally open operations. The Relay is the most common used module in application such as home automation, industrial automation, and machine on\/off. Sometimes you need to control large current such as the fans, lights, water heaters, room heaters, Air-conditioning, vacuum pumps That is what this Large Current Relay Module can be helpful to drive such high current load with just TTL signal. Easy interface with embedded systems and micro-controllers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply 12V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent 190mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrigger Supply 3 to 8V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptically isolated input for safety and noise immunity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7 Pin Header for Inputs and 5V DC output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 Pin screw Terminals for Relay output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelay with 3 Pin Lugs for\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3.2 mm X 4 Mountings holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh Quality Double side PTH PCB\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board LED for power\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOnboard LED for Relay operations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper for Cathode to ground or direct cathode anode interface\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOnboard 5V DC regulator for external circuits\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47186187026604,"sku":"D106","price":12.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/D106A.jpg?v=1789118435"},{"product_id":"build-an-instrumentation-amplifier-with-picoamp-level-input-bias-current","title":"Build an Instrumentation Amplifier with Picoamp-Level Input Bias Current","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe LT1079 draws very little supply current while still delivering low offset voltage and low noise. This makes the module well-suited to battery-powered instrumentation and sensor front-ends where both precision and low power draw matter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecs and Features\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply voltage: 9 V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput range: 4 mV to 8.2 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKey IC: LT1079 micropower quad op amp\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGain: (1 + 2R3\/RG) × R9\/R2 = 100\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput bias current: typically less than 150 pA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput resistance: 3R = 30 MΩ\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGain bandwidth: 1.8 MHz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOnboard power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeader connectors for input, output, and power\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB dimensions: 36.99 mm x 16.19 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow It Works\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LT1079 is a micropower quad op amp in a standard 16-pin package. It is optimized for 5 V single-supply operation, though ±15 V operation is also specified. Most micropower op amps sacrifice precision, noise, speed, or output drive to save current. In contrast, the LT1079 cuts supply current without sacrificing performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LT1079 achieves the lowest offset voltage of any dual or quad non-chopper-stabilized op amp. Its offset current, noise, slew rate, and gain bandwidth product are two to ten times better than earlier micropower models. Its voltage noise 1\/f corner sits at 0.7 Hz—at least three times lower than any monolithic op amp. This provides low-frequency noise performance typically seen only in high-current devices.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe device can run from a single supply as low as one lithium cell or two Ni-Cad batteries. Its input range extends below ground. While sinking current, its all-NPN output stage swings within a few millivolts of ground, eliminating the need for power-consuming pull-down resistors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn this board, three internal op amps form the instrumentation amplifier signal path. Two serve as input buffers, followed by a difference amplifier that sets an overall gain of 100. The fourth op amp combines with resistors R10, R17, and R18 to form a bias current cancellation loop, removing input bias current before it introduces sensor errors. Bridge resistors R1, R4, R5, R12, R13, and R16 allow the input stage to interface directly with resistive bridge sensors.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47192823300268,"sku":"D108","price":22.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/D108.png?v=1789208424"},{"product_id":"tl494-based-pwm-generator-module","title":"TL494-Based PWM Generator Module","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a versatile\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePWM generator module\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebuilt around the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTL494\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ePWM control chip. The flexible design allows for multiple component configurations to support various applications. Users can customize the module by installing only the components required for their specific application while leaving out unnecessary components.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFeatures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply 7V to 40V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComplete PWM Power-Control Circuitry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or Source Current\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVariable Dead Time Provides Control Over Total Range\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V REF\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReference Supply With 5% Tolerance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCircuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 29.21 x 27.15 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCore Features of TL494\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe TL494 integrates all essential PWM control functions into a single chip. Though primarily designed for power supply control, its versatility makes it suitable for various applications. The device includes two error amplifiers, an adjustable on-chip oscillator, a dead-time control (DTC) comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop, a precision 5V (±5%) regulator, and output control circuits.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eError amplifiers operate within a common-mode voltage range of -0.3V to VCC – 2V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDead-time control comparator features a fixed offset providing approximately 5% dead time\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOscillator can be bypassed by connecting RT to the reference output and providing a sawtooth input to CT\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupports synchronous operation in multiple-rail power supplies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput configuration flexibility through uncommitted output transistors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommon-emitter or common-collector output selection via resistor pairs R17+R18 and R12+R13\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupports both push-pull and single-ended output operation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArchitecture prevents double-pulsing of outputs during push-pull operation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eComponent Specification\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll passive components (resistors and capacitors) used on the board are in 0805 SMD package size.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSample Application – Adjustable PWM Generator\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis module can be configured as an adjustable PWM generator with the following features:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuty cycle adjustment range: 5% to 95% (controlled via multiturn trimmer potentiometer PR1)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFrequency adjustment range: 100Hz to 50kHz (controlled via multiturn trimmer potentiometer PR2)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor implementation, please refer to the schematic diagram and install only the components specified for this configuration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnector and Component Details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCN1: Jumper Configuration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse jumper closures (shunts) to short:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePins 1 and 2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePins 3 and 4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eD1: LED Indicator\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFunctions as power status indicator\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJ1: Output Voltage Selection Jumper\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShort with Ref: Provides 5V PWM output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShort with VCC: Provides high voltage PWM output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePR1: PWM Duty Cycle Adjustment\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrimmer potentiometer for adjusting duty cycle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdjustment range: approximately 5% to 95%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePR2: Frequency Adjustment\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrimmer potentiometer for frequency control\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdjustment range: 100Hz to 50kHz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCN2: Main Connection Terminal (6-pin)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 1: VCC input (7V to 40V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 2: Collector 2 output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 3: Collector 1 output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 4: Emitter 2 output (PWM Output)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 5: Emitter 1 output (PWM Output)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 6: Ground (GND)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCN3 and CN4: Not in use\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47193113034924,"sku":"D109","price":12.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/D109A.jpg?v=1789212548"},{"product_id":"over-current-trip-switch-over-current-shutdown-relay","title":"Over Current Trip Switch – Over Current Shutdown Relay","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is an over-current trip switch. It provides protection to a load when over current condition occurs. Basically, the project trips the relay when there is a short circuit or the load starts drawing much current. When the condition is favorable, press the tactile switch to power the load again. The threshold voltage of the comparator is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.6V,\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethe over-current limit can be adjusted using the trimmer Potentiometer PR1. Operating supply\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12V DC @ 80mA\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewhen the relay is ON, load supply\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0V to 48V\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe project is built using\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eINA202\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echip from Texas Instruments. The INA202 chip includes the high-side current-shunt monitor with voltage output and an integrated comparator. The device measures current through the shunt resistor R1 with current flowing in one direction that enables detection of an overcurrent event only when the differential input voltage exceeds the threshold limit. When the current reaches the set limit of the divider R7\/ PR1, the output of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCMPOUT\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003etransitions high, which turns Q1 on, pulls the base of the BJT transistor Q2 low which then switches OFF the relay, and turns the flow of the current OFF through relay contacts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrip Current Threshold\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTrip current is adjustable from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e250mA to 3A\u003c\/strong\u003e, PR1 trimmer potentiometer is provided to adjust the trip current, and load supply range is from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0 to 48V\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis project can be used for higher current trip and higher Voltage load with a few changes. Please refer to Datasheet for more details.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShunt Resistor R1 (Choose a lower value for higher current Trip), Maximum range 30A (Due to Relay Contacts Limit of 30A)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eR7 and PR1\/Optional R13 Resistor Divider (Trip Voltage Threshold), Internal Reference Threshold 0.6V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor Higher voltage up to 80V, Choose Capacitor C1 and C2 100V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"simple-alert-boxes sab_info sab_normal\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSingle Supply operation is possible, if the load supply is 12V DC, tie VDD Pin to +DC for single Supply.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections and Other Details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Load Supply Input 0 to 48V DC, Current Up to 5 Amps (Pin 1 = + DC Input, Pin 2 = GND)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3: Load Connection (Pin 1 = + DC Output, Pin 2 = GND)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Logic Supply 12V DC @ 80mA (Pin 1 = VDD, Pin 2 = VDD, Pin 3 = GND, Pin 4 = GND)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLED D3: Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLED D2: Function LED (LED On = Relay Function)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper J1: Latch or Non-Latch (Connect to VCC for Latch)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePR1: Trip Current Adjust 250mA to 3Amps (Approx.)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating Supply 12V DC @ 80mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Supply 0 to 48V DC (Higher Voltage up to 80V Possible Read Note)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Current Trip Range 250mA to 3Amps Approx.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower LED and Function LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrew Terminals for Load Supply and Load\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeader Connector for Load Switch\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrimmer Potentiometer for Trip Threshold Adjust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 4 mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 71.12 x 37.94mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47193239486636,"sku":"D110","price":26.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/D110.jpg?v=1789214637"},{"product_id":"4-channel-analog-video-distribution-amplifier","title":"4 Channel Analog Video Distribution Amplifier","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis  is a low-cost video distribution amplifier capable of driving up to four video lines. The amplifier is configured with a non-inverting\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003egain of 2\u003c\/strong\u003e. The input video source is terminated in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e75 Ohms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand is applied to the high impedance non-inverting input. Each output line is connected to the op-amp’s output via\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e75 Ohms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eseries back termination resistor for proper cable termination. The termination resistor at the other end of the lines divides the output signal by 2, which is compensated by the gain of 2 of the op-amp. The project is built using\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAD8010\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eop-amp which is optimized for this specific function of providing excellent video performance in driving multiple video loads in parallel. Significant power is saved and heat sinking is greatly simplified because of the ability of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAD8010\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eto obtain this performance when running on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e±5 V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esupply. Circuit provides\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e46dB\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof output-to-output isolation at\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5Mhz\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edriving back terminated\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e75 Ohms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecable. Ferrite beads and high-value ceramic capacitors are used on the power supply input to reduce the noise.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply +\/-5V DC (Dual 5V Symmetrical Power Supply) @ 20mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRCA Connector for Video In\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x RCA Connector for Video Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 69.06 x 29.69 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47193462636716,"sku":"D111","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/D111.jpg?v=1789217870"},{"product_id":"4-channel-relay-board-1","title":"4 Channel Relay Board","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eQuad Channel Relay Board is a simple and convenient way to interface 4 relays for switching application in your project. Features Input supply 12 VDC @ 170 mA Output four SPDT relay Relay specification 5 A @ 230 VAC Trigger level 2 ~ 5 VDC Berg pins for connecting power and trigger voltage LED on each channel indicates relay status Power Battery Terminal (PBT) for easy relay output and aux power connection Four mounting holes of 3.2 mm each PCB dimensions 88 mm x 68 mm 4 Channel Relay Board \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47193498386604,"sku":"B110","price":14.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B110.png?v=1789218478"},{"product_id":"closed-loop-constant-led-light-source-using-opt101-light-sensor-and-opa569-power-opamp","title":"Closed Loop Constant LED Light Source Using OPT101 Light Sensor and OPA569 Power OPAMP","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis is a  is a precision closed-loop LED driver that provides very accurate constant light and can be used for photography, scientific research, and other applications that require an accurate light source. The project consists of light sensor \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPT101\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e and \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA569\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e power OPAMP. OPT101 converts light into voltage, and OPA569 is used as an adjustable linear current source that controls the flow of current through the power LED. Installation of the Power LED and OPT101 Sensor is shown in the figure below. The overcurrent limit of LED is set to \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1A\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e using resistor \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eR4.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLM336\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e provides an accurate voltage reference to OPAMP which is \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.5V.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e The circuit works in a closed loop. At power ON, the LED light reflects to the sensor, and \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPT101\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e provides the voltage output as the light level falls on the sensor, this voltage is fed to power op-amp, and op-amp compares the input voltage from OPT101 and reference voltage 0.5V. If there is an error, the op-amp controls the current of the LED to match the disparity between the output and input. This way light level is maintained and this is constant. It is important to have proper housing for the sensor so external\/ambient light should not fall on the sensor, otherwise constant light will not be maintained.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections and other important details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 = VCC 5V DC, Pin 2 = IMO Current Monitor Output, Pin 3 = Over Current Flag, Pin 4 = Op-Amp -IN, Pin5 = Op-Amp +IN, Pin 6 = Over Temp Flag, Pin 7 = Enable, Pin 8 GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnable Pin 7 CN1 = High Enable, Low Disable the output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 2, Pin 3, Pin 4, Pin 5 Pin 6 are optional and can be used for microcontroller interface.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD2: Power LED Pin 1 = +LED, Pin 2 = +LED, Pin 3 = -LED, Pin 4 = -LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 = VCC +5V DC, Pin 2 = VCC +5V DC, Pin 3 = GND, Pin 4 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating Power Supply 5V DC @ 1Amps\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad (LED) up to 700mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVery Accurate LED Light Source\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCopper Area provided for heat management of OPA569\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeader Connector for LED and Power Input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Optional Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 46.83 x 29.53mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 2.5mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVideo\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ehttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gTsxiuxRePQ\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47196745990316,"sku":"B111","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B111A.jpg?v=1789278020"},{"product_id":"under-voltage-and-over-voltage-monitor-for-5v","title":"Under Voltage and Over Voltage Monitor for 5V","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis module built using\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMC33161\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIC, which is a universal voltage monitor intended to be used in a wide variety of voltage sensing applications. The project offers an economical solution for positive and negative voltage detection. The circuit consists of two comparator channels each with hysteresis, a unique Mode Select Input for channel programming, a pinned out 2.54 V reference, and two open collector outputs installed with LED for visual alert for under-voltage and over-voltage situations. The project is configured for a 5V supply by default. It provides a visual indication when supply is lower the 5V and over 5V. Yellow LED indicates undervoltage and Red LED indicates overvoltage. Trimmer potentiometers PR1 and PR2 were provided to adjust the Undervoltage and Overvoltage range. Both inputs can be used as independent or combined (Single Input)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"simple-alert-boxes sab_info sab_normal\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe board is configured to detect Undervoltage and Overvoltage for 5V Supply, however, it provides the user with multiple choices and extensive flexibility for different applications circuits and configurations. It may be used in many combinations for various options, refer to the datasheet of the chip for various options, following components R7, R9, R10, Jumper J2, Buzzer BZ1-BZ2 provided to implement various circuits.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1 Power LED – Green\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD2 Under Voltage Alert LED – Yellow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD3 Over Voltage Alert LED – RED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2 Pin1 VCC, Pin2 Output 1, Pin 3 Output 2, Pin 4 GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper J1 Single or Independent Input Selection (Dual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 = VCC, Pin 2 = Optional, Pin 3= Input 1, Pin 4 = GND, Pin 5 = Input 2, Pin 6 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePR1 Trimmer Potentiometer – Under Voltage Range Adjust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePR2 Trimmer Potentiometer – Over Voltage Range Adjust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTesting the Circuit\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClose Jumper J1, Connect the 5V DC power supply to CN1 Pin1 +VC and Pin6 GND. Set the Adjustable power supply to 4.5V DC and connect it to Pin 3 or Pin5 of the CN1 Connector.  Turn the PR1 trimmer potentiometer carefully so the Yellow LED glows, now set the adjustable power supply to output 5.5V and turn the trimmer potentiometer PR2 such Red LED D3 should glow. Now, the project is configured and ready to be used. It is set to detect and indicate undervoltage of 4.5V and Over voltage of 5.5V. Connector CN2 can help for microcontroller interface, Output 1 and Output 2 Normally goes High or low when under\/over voltage conditions are detected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply 5V DC (Range 5 to 12V DC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYellow LED for Under Voltage detection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConfigured for 5V Detection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRed LED for Overvoltage Detection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvides Visual Alerts when Under-Over Voltage is Detected at input 1 and Input 2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput 1 and Output 2 for Micro-Controller Interface\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLEDs can be Replaced with Audible Buzzer (Low Current Buzzer 10mA maximum)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 X 2.5 MM Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 53.66 x 24.92mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47196807495852,"sku":"B112","price":8.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B112A.jpg?v=1789281203"},{"product_id":"arduino-nano-switching-on-off-appliances-using-infra-red-remote-two-channel","title":"Arduino Nano- Switching ON\/OFF Appliances Using Infra-Red Remote (Two Channel)","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis  is a two-channel infrared remote ON\/OFF switch that can be used to control home appliances, Lights, Fans, Water Pumps, Aquarium pumps, Ovens, Heaters, etc. This open-source project contains 2 x SSR (Solid State Relay), Arduino Nano, and\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTSOP1838\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003einfrared receiver, keeping safety in mind, optically isolated SSR (Solid State Relay) is used to have isolation between high voltage AC circuitry and Arduino Nano. The operation of the circuit is pretty simple, TSOP1838\/TSOP38238 IR Sensor receives the infrared signal from IR remote, Arduino Nano decodes the IR signal which is connected to digital pin D2 and provides latch outputs on digital pins D5, and D6 in respect to IR code received from IR remote. These two digital outputs D5, D6 drive the SSR using 2 x\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBC847\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eBJT transistors.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCPC1998J\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eoptically isolated solid-state relays from IXYS Integrated Circuits drive the AC loads. We have tested this board with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e500W\/230V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eAC lamps, however, the load capacity of SSR is 20A. A snubber circuit is provided across the SSR-Traic which helps driving inductive loads. Heat-sink on SSR is not required for loads up to 5A, but for higher load, it is advisable to mount a heatsink on SSR.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComponents Functions\u003c\/strong\u003e: U2 \u0026amp; U3 SSR Relay AC Load driver, U4 TSOP1838\/TSOP38238 IR Sensor, R1 \u0026amp; R4 Current limiting resistor for SSR LED, Q1 \u0026amp; Q2 LED Driver of  SSR, D1 \u0026amp; D2 Protection Diode for SSR LED, C1 \u0026amp; C2 + R1 \u0026amp; R5 Snubber Circuit for AC Inductive Load.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConnections:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCN2 AC Input 110V-220V AC, CN1 Load, CN3 Load, CN4 5V DC Supply If Arduino Nano USB power is not available, CN5 DC Power (Optional) 7V to 12V if USB\/5V power is not available.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePower Supply DC:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThe Arduino Nano can be powered via the Mini-B USB connection, 7-12V unregulated external power supply (CN5), or 5V regulated external power supply (CN4).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCPC1998J\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis an AC Solid State Switch utilizing dual power SCR outputs. This device also includes zero-cross turn-on circuitry and is specified with an 800VP blocking voltage. Tightly controlled zero-cross circuitry ensures low noise switching of AC loads by minimizing the generation of transients. The optically coupled input and output circuits provide exceptional noise immunity and 2500Vrms of isolation between the control and the output. As a result, the CPC1998J is well suited for industrial environments where electromagnetic interference would disrupt the operation of plant facility communications and control systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArduino Pin configurations:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eDigital Pin D2 TSOP1838 Infra-Red Receiver, Digital Pin D5 and D5 outputs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVIDEO\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ehttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wJ8fhsjScI4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating Supply DC circuit 5V CN4, USB Arduino Nano or 7-12V Unregulated CN5\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating Supply AC Supply 110v-230V AC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad up to 500W Each Channel (SSR Maximum Current rating 20Amps)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTSOP38238 or TSOP1838 IR Receiver\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSnubber Circuit across the SSR-Triac to Drive Inductive load\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArduino Code Compatible with Spark Fun COM-14865 IR Remote\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 98.43  x 50.80 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47196842328236,"sku":"B114","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B114A.jpg?v=1789284298"},{"product_id":"2-channel-relay-board","title":"2 Channel Relay Board","description":"\u003cp class=\"auto-style33\"\u003e2 channel Relay driver project can be controlled by feeding 2-12V trigger voltage, Very useful project for application like Micro-Controller based projects, Remote controller, Lamp on Off, and any circuits which required isolated high current and high voltage switching by applying any TTL or CMOS level voltage. Two LED works as operation indicator while in , 3 pins screw terminals to connect load and provides  both normally open and normally closed switching.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"auto-style33\"\u003eInput: 12 VDC @ 84 mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"auto-style33\"\u003eOutput: Two SPDT relay\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"auto-style33\"\u003eRelay specification: 5 A @ 230 VAC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"auto-style33\"\u003eTrigger level : 2 to 12 VDC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"auto-style33\"\u003eHeader connector for connecting power and trigger voltage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"auto-style33\"\u003eLED on each channel indicates relay status\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"auto-style33\"\u003ePower Battery Terminal (PBT) for easy relay output connection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"auto-style33\"\u003eFour mounting holes of 3.2 mm each\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"auto-style33\"\u003ePCB dimensions 49 mm x 68 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47196906586284,"sku":"B115","price":8.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B115.jpg?v=1789289502"},{"product_id":"ina122-single-supply-micropower-instrumentation-amplifier-module","title":"INA122 Single Supply Micropower Instrumentation Amplifier Module","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis  is a precision instrumentation amplifier board based on the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eINA122\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echip, designed for accurate and low-noise differential signal acquisition. Here are the key features and specifications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Features\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eINA122 chip with 2 OPAMP design for excellent performance and low quiescent current (60uA).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuitable for portable instrumentation and data acquisition systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCan be operated with a single supply voltage.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptional components provided to create a resistive bridge amplifier for pressure sensor or strain gauge sensors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn-board reference chip REF3425 provides a 2.5V reference voltage, with the option to use REF3450 for a 5V reference.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply 2.2V to 12V DC, Single Supply (Supports up to 36V Read Note)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board options for Resistive Pressure Sensor or stain gauge Sensor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeader Connector for Inputs\/Sensor and Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGain Adjust 10 to 10000 Using PR1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Trimmer Potentiometer for Gain Adjust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions: 28.10 x 16.35 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47197101228204,"sku":"B116","price":13.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B116A.jpg?v=1789303465"},{"product_id":"high-voltage-180v-high-current-30ma-operational-amplifier-module","title":"High-Voltage (180V) – High-Current (30mA) Operational Amplifier Module","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis module provides a platform to evaluate the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA462\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehigh-voltage, high-current operational amplifier. Multiple component footprints allow the most common circuit configurations. The board accommodates high-voltage and high-current operational amplifier\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA462\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efrom Texas Instruments. A High-Voltage Noninverting Amplifier, AV = 17 V\/V. An example application circuit is given below. The board is capable of operating with supply voltages as high as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e±90 V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(180 V), or as low as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e±6 V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(12 V). The high-voltage process and design of the OPA462 allow the device to be used in applications where most operational amplifiers cannot be applied, such as\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ehigh-voltage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epower-supply conditions, or when there is a need for a very high-output voltage swing. The output is capable of delivering up to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e±30 mA\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eoutput current or swinging within a few volts of the supply rails at moderate current levels. The\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA462\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efeatures input overvoltage protection, output current limiting, thermal protection, a status flag, and enable-disable capability. The output swing is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e85V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eAC signal input and frequency\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10Khz\u003c\/strong\u003e. Status Flag is an open-drain active-low output referenced to E\/D Com. This pin goes active for either an overcurrent or overtemperature condition. Close (Link) Shunt between GD and E\/D Com to enable the output, and Close E\/D and E\/D Com Jumper J2 to disable the Output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor Normal operation connect Jumper\/Shunt between GD and E\/D Com, Jumper J2 open. Use 0 ohms resistors of 1206 Size instead of capacitors C14 and C15. Many optional components are provided for different applications, all capacitors and resistors are SMD 1206. R5 and R6 resistors are SMD 2512 size.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWide power-supply range:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e±90 V (180 V) (Supply Range ±6 V (12 V) to ±90 V (180 V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-output load drive: IO ±45 mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput Voltage 85V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Signal 5V AC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGain 17V\/V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlexible design allows a wide variety of circuit configurations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncludes protection against power supply sequencing and inductive load kickback\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent limit protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermal protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStatus flag Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIndependent output disables\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGain bandwidth: 6.5 MHz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSlew rate: 32 V\/µs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 4 mm PCB Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrew Terminals for Power Input and Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeader Connector for Signal Input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper J1 and J2 for Enable\/Disable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 60.96 x 41.28 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47197411737772,"sku":"B117","price":44.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B117.jpg?v=1789307667"},{"product_id":"pwm-to-voltage-converter-pwm-to-voltage-output-dac","title":"PWM to Voltage Converter – PWM to Voltage Output DAC","description":"\u003cp\u003eModule is a dual\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12-bit PWM-to-voltage output DAC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith high accuracy. The board is based on the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLTC2644\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echip. The LTC2644 measures the period and pulse width of the PWM input signals and updates the voltage output DACs after each corresponding PWM input rising edge. The DAC outputs update and settle to 12-bit accuracy within 8μs typically and are capable of sourcing and sinking up to 5mA (3V) or 10mA (5V), eliminating voltage ripple and replacing slow analog filters and buffer amplifiers. The circuit has a full-scale output of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.5V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eusing the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10ppm\/°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003einternal reference. It can operate with an external reference, which sets the full-scale output equal to the external reference voltage. Each DAC enters a pin-selectable idle state when the PWM input is held unchanged for more than\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e60ms.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe project operates from a single\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.7V to 5.5V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esupply and supports PWM input voltages from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.71V to 5.5V\u003c\/strong\u003e. The PWM frequency can be any frequency between\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30Hz and 6. 25kHz\u003c\/strong\u003e. The input level can be between\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.71V and 5.5V\u003c\/strong\u003e, set by a separate IO\u003csub\u003eVCC\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epin. This project solves many problems associated with filtering a PWM signal to produce an analog voltage, producing a fast-settling, accurate analog voltage in response to a digital PWM input.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply 5V (Range 2.7V to 5.5V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent Consumption approx. 15mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput PWM Signal Level Can be Between 1.71V and 5.5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 Channel Input and Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput PWM Frequency 30Hz to 6.25Khz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput 0 to 2.5V (0 to 99% Duty Cycle)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeader Connector for Inputs and Outputs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper For Power Down\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper for Internal Reference or External Reference\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper for Idle Mode\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper for IO\u003csub\u003eVC\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 31.43 x 22.86 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStandalone Operation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor standalone operation. Connect a 2.7V to 5.5V supply to the VCC and a GND of CN1 Pin 1 and Pin 4. Connect the IOVCC(IOV) to VCC using Jumper J2 such that the input logic level matches the VCC supply. If a different logic level is required, remove the IOVCC(IOV) jumper and connect the middle pin2 of J2 to a supply equal to the PWM signals’ logic level to the IOVCC(IOV) and GND. There is no sequencing requirement between VCC and IOVCC. Any convenient PWM source can be used to convert the PWM signal into a voltage output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eJumpers Settings\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eJumper J1 (Idle Mode Select Input):\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eConnecting this jumper to VCC or GND determines the DAC behavior when the PWM input remains high or low for more than the Idle Mode Timeout time (50ms minimum, 70ms maximum). When set to VCC (High), a low level on a PWM input will set the DAC output to a high impedance state. A high level will cause the DAC output to hold its last value. When set to GND (Low), a low level on a PWM input will set the DAC output to zero-scale, and a high level will set the DAC output to full scale.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eJumper J2:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eFor normal operation Connect the IOVCC(IOV) to VCC using Jumper J2 such that the input logic level matches the VCC supply. If a different logic level is required, remove the IOVCC(IOV) jumper and connect the middle pin2 of J2 to a supply equal to the PWM signals’ logic level to the IOVCC(IOV) and GND.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eJumper J3:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSet to GND (default) to use the internal reference. Set to EXT to supply an external reference to the REF CN2 Pin 2.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eJumper 4:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eConnect it to VCC for normal Operation, GND Power-Down.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eREF:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eReference Output\/Input. When the REFSEL jumper is set to INT, the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLTC2645’s\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003einternal reference can be measured at this point. Nominal impedance is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e500Ω.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIf it is used to drive external circuits it must be buffered appropriately. When REFSEL is set to EXT using Jumper J3, an external reference between 1V and VCC may be connected to this point\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLTC2644-L12: Supports Frequency up to 6.25Khz, for higher frequency select below chips.  \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLTC2644-L12 Chip Supports 12Bit resolution, 30Hz to 6.25Khz input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLTC2644-L10 Chip Supports 10Bit resolution, 30Hz to 25Khz input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLTC2644-L8 Chip Supports 8 Bit resolution, 30Hz to 100Khz input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections and other details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 = VCC 5V DC, Pin 2 = Vout Channel A, Pin 3 = Vout Channel B , Pin 4 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 = VCC 5V DC, Pin 2 = External Reference Optional, Pin 3 = PWM Input Channel A, Pin 4 = PWM Input Channel B\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper 1 = IDLE Setting High\/Low\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper 2 = VCC for Standalone Operations Internal VCC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper 3 = Internal Reference or External Reference Selection, Connect it GND for Normal Operation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper 4 = Power Down, Connect it to VCC for Normal Operation, GND = Power Dow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1 Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3, R3, R4, R5, R6, C7, C8: Optional, can be used for output filter for smooth Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47197444210860,"sku":"B118","price":22.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B118.jpg?v=1789308214"},{"product_id":"precision-switched-integrator-transimpedance-amplifier","title":"Precision Switched Integrator Transimpedance Amplifier","description":"\u003cp\u003eModule is  based on\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIVC102\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echip from Texas Instruments. This chip is a precision\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eintegrating amplifier\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith FET OPAMP, integrating capacitors, and low leakage FET switches. It integrates low-level input current for a user-determined period, storing the resulting voltage on the integrating capacitor. The output voltage can be held for accurate measurement. The IVC102 provides a precision, lower-noise alternative to conventional transimpedance OPAMP circuits that require a very high-value feedback resistor. The project is ideal for amplifying low-level sensor currents from photodiodes and ionization chambers. The input signal current can be positive or negative. TTL\/CMOS-compatible timing inputs control the integration period, hold, and reset functions to set the effective transimpedance gain and reset (discharge) the integrator capacitor. Jumpers are provided to configure the circuit for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ephotodiode\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eamplifier or\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eionization chamber\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emeasurement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"simple-alert-boxes sab_info sab_normal\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe project is a breakout board for the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIVC102\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echip. It can be used in many applications such as low current measurement, Photodiode measurement, and ionization chamber measurement. Read the datasheet of the chip for more info.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply +\/-15V Dc\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn-Chip Integrating Capacitors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSwitch Signal TTL 5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGain Programmed By Timing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow Input Bias Current: 750fA Max\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow Noise\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow Switch Charge Injection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFast Pulse Integration\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow Nonlinearity: 0.005% Type\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 28.73 x 20.96 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 x 2.5mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eApplications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrecision Low Current Measurement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotodiode Measurements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIonization Chamber Measurements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent\/Charge-Output Sensors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLeakage Current Measurement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47197454467244,"sku":"B119","price":30.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B119.jpg?v=1789308395"},{"product_id":"power-saving-pwm-solenoid-controller","title":"Power-Saving PWM Solenoid Controller","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis  is a power-saving pulse-width modulator (PWM) controller for solenoids with an internal supply regulator. The board is based on the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDRV110\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIC which is a PWM current controller which is specifically designed for solenoid and relay applications. The project regulates the current with a well-controlled waveform to reduce power dissipation on the load. The solenoid current is ramped up fast to ensure the opening of the valve or relay. After initial ramping, the solenoid current is kept at a peak value to ensure correct operation, after which the current is reduced to a lower hold level to avoid thermal problems and reduce power dissipation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"simple-alert-boxes sab_info sab_normal\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe board operates with 24V\u003csub\u003eDC\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esupply, but it can be used with a wide range of power supplies, you may need to calculate resistor value R2, it is advisable to read the datasheet of DRV110 for more information.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply 24V DC (Range 15 to 48V DC -\u0026gt; Read Note)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Current -\u0026gt; Read Below\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFast Ramp-Up of Solenoid Current to Ensure Activation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtection, Thermal Shutdown, Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolenoid Current is Reduced in Hold Mode for Lower Power and Thermal Dissipation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eI\u003csub\u003ePeak\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(Peak Current) Adjustable Using Trimmer Pot PR1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eI\u003csub\u003eHold\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(Holding Current) Adjustable Using Trimmer Pot PR2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper J1 Pull Low Disables the Output, pull high or Floating Enables the Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD2 Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating Frequency 20Khz (Can be altered), adjust resistor R6\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 46.06 x 23.36 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eComponents\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1 Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQ1 MOSFET to drive the Load\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1 Clamp Diode\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1 power supply input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2 solenoid Connections\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePR1 peak current adjust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePR2 Hold Current Adjust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper J1 Enable or disable the Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResistor R6 Frequency Adjust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eExample Application Values when R\u003csub\u003eSense\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eR8 = 1Ohms\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeak Current 150mA When R-Peak (PR1 + R4) = 400Kohms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHolding Current 50mA When R-Hold (PR2 + R5) =200kOhms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKeep Time 100mS When Capacitor C2 = 1uF\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePWM Frequency 20Khz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe peak current duration is set with an external capacitor\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC2.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe peak and hold levels of the current ramp can be adjusted using trimmer potentiometer PR2 and PR1, as well as the PWM frequency, which can independently be set with external resistor\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eR6.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eExternal setting resistors can also be omitted if the default values for the corresponding parameters are suitable for the application. The\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDRV110\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edevice has an internal Zener diode that limits the supply at VIN to VZENER for applications that require a higher supply voltage. High DC voltages such as 48V can also be accommodated this way.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eEnable Jumper J1\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnable and disable the switch is controlled by the EN pin. The EN pin contains an internal resistor network to set the pin to logic HIGH when the EN pin is floating. This feature can be used for situations where a control signal is not required and the solenoid is only energized when a supply voltage is present. Such applications could be valves or contactors. By pulling down Enable pin disable the output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eConfiguring Peak and Hold Currents\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI\u003csub\u003ePEAK\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand I\u003csub\u003eHOLD\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edepend on PR1 and PR2 trimmer pot resistance values R\u003csub\u003ePEAK\u003c\/sub\u003e-PR1 and R\u003csub\u003eHOLD\u003c\/sub\u003e-PR2 as shown in the circuit. If the PEAK pin or HOLD pin is connected to the ground or R\u003csub\u003ePEAK\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eor R\u003csub\u003eHOLD\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis less than 43.33 kΩ (typical), then I\u003csub\u003ePEAK\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis at its default value of 300 mA for I\u003csub\u003ePEAK\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand 50 mA for I\u003csub\u003eHOLD\u003c\/sub\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe I\u003csub\u003ePEAK\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003evalue can alternatively be set using trimmer pot PR1. For example, if a PR1 60-kΩ (= RPEAK) is connected between PEAK and GND, and RSENSE = 1 Ω, then the externally set IPEAK level will be 900 mA. If RPEAK -PR1 = 200 kΩ and RSENSE = 1 Ω, then the externally set I\u003csub\u003ePEAK\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003elevel will be 300 mA. It is not recommended to use a resistor between 30 kΩ and 55 kΩ to avoid the I\u003csub\u003ePEAK\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eor I\u003csub\u003eHOLD\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecurrent slipping from the maximum current setting to the default setting. In case R\u003csub\u003eSENSE\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= 2 Ω instead of 1 Ω, then I\u003csub\u003ePEAK\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= 450 mA (when RPEAK-PR1 = 55 kΩ) and I\u003csub\u003ePEAK\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= 150 mA (when RPEAK-PR1 = 200 kΩ\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47197487038636,"sku":"B120","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B120.jpg?v=1789308767"},{"product_id":"3-channel-analog-video-splitter-with-video-amplifier","title":"3 Channel Analog Video Splitter with Video Amplifier","description":"\u003cp\u003eIf you need to drive multiple video gadgets or monitors from a single video signal source then this board is the right choice for you. This is a 3-channel video splitter with an amplifier and the circuit is built using discrete components.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ2\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ1\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eact as a signal amplifier,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ3\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eact as output driver, trimmer potentiometer\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePR1\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eis provided to adjust the input signal swing,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePR2\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eTrimmer is provided to set the gain of the amplifier, D1 is the power LED. The operating power supply is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12V DC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand it draws\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100mA\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecurrent. RCA Connector J4 is the Video signal input, RCA Connector J1, J2, J3 provide the outputs. The default gain of the circuit is 4. The\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebandwidth is 5Mhz\u003c\/strong\u003e, input and outputs impendence are\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e75 Ohms\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is important to use all 3 channels at a time or change\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eR11\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eto\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e150 Ohms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eif you will only use 1 x channel or\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e82 Ohms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eif 2 x channels are in use. Adjusting the board is very easy, just connect a voltmeter at the base of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ2\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand adjust the PR1 so the voltage at the base of Q2 is 1V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply 12V V\u003csub\u003edc\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent Consumption 100mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRCA Connector for Video Input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 x RCA Connectors for Video Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrimmer Potentiometer for Gain Adjust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrimmer For input signal Swing Adjust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn-board Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 48.74  x 43.66mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47201104232620,"sku":"B123","price":14.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B123.jpg?v=1789371517"},{"product_id":"clock-multiplier-crystal-frequency-generator-using-pt7c4511","title":"Clock Multiplier – Crystal Frequency Generator using PT7C4511","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is an easy-to-build project and it is the most cost-effective and high-performance frequency multiplier, which instigates analog phase lock loop techniques. The circuit provides high-quality, high-frequency output from lower frequency crystal or clock input. The project can be used as a crystal\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efrequency oscillator\u003c\/strong\u003e,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eclock multiplier\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003efrequency translation\u003c\/strong\u003e. Using\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ephase-locked-loop\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(PLL) techniques, the device uses a standard fundamental mode, inexpensive crystal to produce an output clock up to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e200Mhz\u003c\/strong\u003e.  On-board jumpers are provided to select from nine different multiplication factors, which output many common frequencies.  The device also has an output enable pin that\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etri-states\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethe clock output when the enable pin is taken low. The chip is intended for clock generation and frequency translation with low output jitter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRefer to the table below for jumper settings to change the frequency multiplexing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConnections for Clock Input:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eCN1 Clock input 1- 50Mhz, Use J2, and J3 for frequency output settings.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFor Internal Clock Generator:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eUse crystal Y1, Capacitor C1, and C2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA parallel resonant, fundamental mode crystal should be used. The device crystal connections and capacitor connections are provided. These capacitors are used to adjust the stray capacitance of the board to match the nominally required crystal load capacitance. Because load capacitance can be only be increased in this trimming process. Crystal Capacitors, if needed, must be connected from each of the pins X1 and X2 to the ground.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe value (in pF) of these crystal capacitors should equal C-L x 2 in this equation, C-L=crystal capacitance in pF. Example: For a crystal with a 15pF load capacitance, each crystal capacitor would be 30pF.  \u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply 5V DC (Range 3 to 5 V DC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZero ppm multiplication error\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput Load 12mA Max\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput crystal frequency of 5Mhz to 30Mhz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput Duty Cycle 50%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Clock Frequency of 1-50Mhz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput Clock Frequencies up to 200Mhz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e9 Selectable Frequencies Controlled by Jumper\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeak to Peak Jitter Less than 200ps over 200ns Interval (100-200Mhz)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow Period Jitter 20ps (100-200Mhz)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTri-States Output for Board Level Testing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB dimensions: 25.72 x 17.94 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47201489191084,"sku":"B124","price":12.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B124.jpg?v=1789376204"},{"product_id":"overvoltage-undervoltage-and-reverse-supply-protection-controller","title":"Overvoltage, Undervoltage and Reverse Supply Protection Controller","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a High Voltage Undervoltage (UV), Overvoltage (OV) and Reverse Supply Protection Controller consists of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLTC4365\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echip and MOSFET. The controller protects the load circuit from input voltages that may be too high, too low or negative. It operates by controlling the gates of two back-back connected MOSFETs to keep the output in safe range. The OV and UV protection levels are adjusted by resistive dividers at the OV and UV pins. Asserting the SHDN pin disables the MOSFETs and places the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLTC4365\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ein a low-current shutdown state. The FAULT pin is asserted when the controller is in shutdown mode or when the input voltage is outside of the UV or OV level.  The\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLTC4365\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecan withstand DC voltages between\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-40V and 60V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand has a valid operating range\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e2.4V to 35V\u003c\/strong\u003e. In this project the circuit is optimized for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12V DC\u003c\/strong\u003e, Undervoltage is set to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5V DC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand Overvoltage is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18V DC\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LTC4365 monitors the input rail voltage and disconnects downstream circuits when the input voltage is too low, too high or negative. The LTC4365 provides accurate overvoltage and undervoltage comparators to ensure that power is applied to the system only if the input supply is within the allowable voltage window. Reverse supply protection circuit automatically isolates the load from negative input voltages. During normal operation, a high voltage charge pump enhances the gate of external N-channel power MOSFETs. The LTC4365 consumes 10µA during shutdown and 125µA while operating. The LTC4365 has a 36ms turn-on delay that debounces live connections and blocks 50Hz to 60Hz AC power. For fast recovery after faults.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Operating Voltage 12V (Range 6V to 18V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput 12V DC (Range 6V to 18V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Current 3Amps (MOSFET8.5A)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Output LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Fault LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrew Terminal for Inputs and Outputs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReverse Supply Protection to -40V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUV Input Threshold Voltage 500mV\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUV Input Hysteresis 25mV\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOV Input Threshold Voltage 500mV\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOV Input Hysteresis 25mV\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 38.89 x 14.61 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eApplications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe battery is installed backwards\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn AC adaptor of opposite polarity is attached\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn AC adaptor of excessive voltage is attached\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe battery is discharged below a safe level\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePower LED and Fault LED\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Voltage 0 to 5V, Output LED off and Fault LED on (Output Off)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Voltage Above 5V to 18V, Output LED on, Fault LED off (Output On)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Voltage 18.2V to 30V DC, Output LED off, Fault LED on (Output Off)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47201534673068,"sku":"B125","price":12.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B125.jpg?v=1789376587"},{"product_id":"2-channel-mosfet-module","title":"2 Channel MOSFET Module","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a low profile and small size two-channel MOSFET board that can drive loads up to 2 x 3A. The Power Supply is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5V to 14V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eDC. Inputs and input Enable are\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTTL-level\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esignals. The Output is by default enabled and an active high signal disables the output. Parallel Operation of Dual Outputs for Larger Driver Output Current is possible. The Circuit can drive a high-speed\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePWM\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esignal as well as\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eON\/OFF\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esignal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"simple-alert-boxes sab_info sab_normal\"\u003eIt is recommended to use an electrolytic capacitor near supply inputs if the full load current is used.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e+5V to +14V Single Power-Supply Range\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad up to 3A, each Channel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIN-A, IN-B, ENB-A, ENB-B, TTL Level Inputs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDual Drivers with Enable Inputs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow 12ns Propagation Delay\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6ns Typical Rise and 5ns Typical Fall Times with 1nF Load\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatched Delays Between Channels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParallel Operation of Dual Outputs for Larger Driver Output Current\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTTL or HNM Logic-Level Inputs with Hysteresis for Noise Immunity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow Input Capacitance: 10pF (typ)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermal Shutdown Protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 23.50 x 18.73 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47201631502508,"sku":"B126","price":14.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B126.jpg?v=1789377255"},{"product_id":"lamp-flasher-with-timer-ic-and-mosfet-for-automotive-applications","title":"Lamp Flasher with Timer IC and MOSFET for Automotive Applications","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a mini flasher board that can drive high-power\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLED\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eor a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elamp,\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emainly designed for automotive applications. The project consists\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBD9555FVM-C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003etimer chip and\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMOSFET\u003c\/strong\u003e. The circuit is configured as a flasher, and can also be used as a PWM driver with an adjustable duty cycle and frequency. Capacitors C2, R4, and PR1 can be used to set the duty cycle. Please refer to the datasheet of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBD9555FVM\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor more information. N-channel\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIRF7862\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eMOSFET used to drive the load, and it’s advisable to use maximum load current\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3A\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edue to small thermal dissipation on PCB for the MOSFET. The operating power supply is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5V to 15V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply 5V to 15V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Up to 3A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlash Frequency 2Hz to 10 Hz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePWM Frequency range 1Hz to 10Khz (PR1, R4 and C2)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdjustable Duty Cycle 1% to 99% (PR1, R4 and C2)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 22.07 x 10.95 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 = +DC 5V to 15V, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 = +DC, Pin 2 = Load\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePR1: Frequency Adjust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1: Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47201722990764,"sku":"B127","price":8.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B127.jpg?v=1789377526"},{"product_id":"led-dimmer-for-super-high-brightness-leds","title":"LED Dimmer for Super High Brightness LEDs","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a high-efficiency and reliability DC\/DC converter with a dimming feature for super high brightness LEDs.  The project is built using\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL6902D\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echip. L6902 is a complete and simple step-down switching regulator with adjustable current limit. The current control loop with external sense resistors R6, R7, and R8 are able to work in constant current mode providing up to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e350mA\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eoutput current with an accuracy of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5%\u003c\/strong\u003e.  Potentiometer\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePR1\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehelps to control the dimming of the LEDs. PR1 is connected to the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.3V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ereference pin of the chip. When the dimming (CS+) pin is grounded (0V) the maximum output current is provided (350mA) and vice versa when 3.3V is applied to the pin, the current provided is zero and so the LED is off.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFeatures\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply 24V DC (Range 8 to 24V DC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad 6 x LEDs in Series (High Brightness LEDs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput Current Adjustable 0 to 350mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShort Circuit or Over Current Protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSwitching Frequency DC-DC Converter 250Khz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 2.5MM Mounting Holes -PCB\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 40.64 x 26.04 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47201834303660,"sku":"B157","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B128.jpg?v=1789377847"},{"product_id":"the-kilo-lamp-an-interactive-lamp-controller","title":"The Kilo Lamp: An Interactive Lamp Controller","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehe Kilo Lamp is an interactive lamp controller built using an Arduino Uno shield. It also contains a load cell, a load cell amplifier, and a MOSFET that drives an LED using a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal. The brightness of the LED is determined by how much weight is placed on the lamp. When the load reaches 5 kg, the lamp achieves 100% brightness\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecs and Operation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSupply:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e12 V DC.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOnboard Load Cell Amplifier:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eHX711.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOnboard MOSFET:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ePWM LED Driver.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLoad Current:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eUp to 1 A.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePCB Dimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e51.44 x 41.75 mm.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe load cell sends an analog signal to the HX711 load cell amplifier. The HX711 acts as an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and outputs a digital signal. This signal is read by the Arduino Uno, which processes the weight data and generates a corresponding PWM signal. The PWM signal is then fed into a MOSFET, which drives the LED and adjusts its brightness according to the PWM duty cycle, directly proportional to the applied weight. In simple terms, the greater the weight, the higher the light intensity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47201903902892,"sku":"B129","price":26.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B129A.jpg?v=1789378180"},{"product_id":"10v-dual-10v-to-single-supply-signal-converter-for-adc","title":"+\/-10V (Dual 10V) to Single-Supply Signal Converter for ADC","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis board will make your work easy if you want to interface\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\/- 10V (Dual 10V)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edevice or sensor to single-supply signal ADC. This tiny project has been made for industrial and process control applications and provides an easy interface between +\/-10V (Dual 10V) sensor or device to single-supply ADC. Connect\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\/-10V sensor\/device\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eto pin 3 of connector CN1, and circuit outputs\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.5V to 4.5V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eat pin 3 of connector CN2. The operating supply of the circuit is\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e5V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand it draws few milliamps of current. The project is also provided with optional precision\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRef\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003evoltage for accurate output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTesting this project is easy, close jumper J1 to VCC, J2 to GND, close the solder jumper J3, keep jumper J4 open, apply 5V DC to pin 1 and 2 of CN2, connect +\/-10V source to pin 3 (+I) and GND. Measure the output at pin 3 (OP) of CN2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating Supply 5V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput +\/-10V (Dual 10V) Sensor or Industrial Device\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput 0.5V to 4.5V DC (ADC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB dimensions: 26.51 x 16.51 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47209337323692,"sku":"B128","price":18.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B128A.jpg?v=1789450680"},{"product_id":"voltage-to-current-v-i-converter","title":"Voltage to Current (V-I) Converter","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe circuit shown here is a high-side voltage-to-current (V-I) converter. It translates an input voltage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0 V to 2 V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eto an output current of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0 mA to 100 mA\u003c\/strong\u003e. The low offset voltage and offset drift of the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA2333\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efacilitate excellent DC accuracy for the circuit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe project provides a high-side current source that supplies an adjustable current to a ground reference load. The first op-amp stage sets a reference current based on the input control voltage. The second op-amp stage acts as a current mirror that gains the reference current and regulates the current sourced from the output PMOSFET Q2 to the load. R2, R4, and R10 set the output current based on the input control voltage. Components C7, R9, R8, R7, C6, R3 provide compensation to ensure stability of the circuit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe V-I transfer function of the circuit is based on the relationship between the input voltage, V\u003csub\u003eIN\u003c\/sub\u003e, and the three current sensing resistors, R2, R4, and R10. The relationship between V\u003csub\u003eIN\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand R10 determines the current that flows through the first stage of the design. The current gain from the first stage to the second stage is based on the relationship between R2 and R4. The project is built using\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA2333\u003c\/strong\u003e. Low offset voltage, low-temperature drift, and rail-to-rail output are the key features of this op-amp. The\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA2333\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCMOS operational amplifier is a high precision,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5-uV\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eoffset,\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e0.05-μV\/°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edrift amplifier optimized for low-voltage, single-supply operation with an output swing to within\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e50 mV\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof the positive rail. The OPA2333 family uses chopping techniques to provide low initial offset voltage and near-zero drift over time and temperature. Low offset voltage and low drift reduce the offset error in the system, making these devices appropriate for precise DC control. The rail-to-rail output stage of the OPA2333 ensures that the output swing of the operational amplifier is able to fully control the gate of the MOSFET devices within the supply rails.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Supply 5V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Control Voltage 0 to 2V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput 0 to 100mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJumper For External\/Internal Control Voltage Selection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReference Voltage Generator Chip for 2V Control Voltage Source\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeader Connector for Input and Output and Power Supply\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Trimmer Potentiometer for Control Voltage Adjustment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeader Connector for External Control Voltage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 36.83 x 20.96 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e Connections and Other Details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 = 2V Input, Pin 2 = GND (External Control Voltage)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1,2 = VCC, Pin 3,4 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3: Pin 1,2 = +Load, Pin 3,4 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1: Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJ1: Solder Jumper for External or Internal Control Voltage Selection. Open = External Control Voltage, Closes = Internal Control Voltage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJ2: Always Closed\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47210153345196,"sku":"B130","price":13.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B130A.jpg?v=1789458329"},{"product_id":"4-20ma-10v-analog-input-module-for-plc","title":"4-20mA \/ ±10V Analog Input Module for PLC","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is an analog input module that helps to digitalize temperature, current (4-20mA) and voltage (±10V) for PLC and Microcontrollers input. This analog module can be used for Programmable Logic Control (PLC), Programmable Automation Control (PAC) and Discrete Control System (DCS). The module has three input terminals. This PLC input accepts inputs of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e±10 V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eor\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e±20 mA\u003c\/strong\u003e. The output is a single-ended voltage of 2.5 V ±2.3 V (or 200 mV to 4.8 V). Many PLCs typically have this input and output ranges. PR1 Trimmer potentiometer provided to fine trim the gain. Ideally, PR1 + R1 value should be 10.5Khoms. The circuit works with dual supply +\/-15V DC. The circuit is from Texas instruments\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eINA828\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edatasheet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply +\/-15V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4-mA to 20-mA input with less than 20-Ω burden\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e±20-mA input with less than 20-Ω burden\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e±10-V input with an impedance of approximately 100 kΩ\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput range within 0 V to 5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum 4-mA to 20-mA or ±20-mA burden voltage equal to ±0.4 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 27.87 mm x 15.59 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47221638332588,"sku":"B131","price":12.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B131A.jpg?v=1789547990"},{"product_id":"voltage-attenuator","title":"Voltage Attenuator","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe project shown here converts bipolar\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\/-10V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(Dual 10V) signal and provides a single-ended\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0 to 5V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esignal. The circuit attenuates a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\/-10V, 10Khz\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebandwidth bipolar signal converts to a single-ended signal, and also filters it by a 3rd-order Butterworth filter to drive a single-ended analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The project was built using\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA2206\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eOPAMP which protects the input signal from overvoltage up to 40V beyond either supply. The board can be used for applications such as programable logic controllers (PLCs), low-power data acquisition systems (DAQs), and field instruments where high precision, low power, and signal fault protection are needed.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA2206\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis ideal for this application because of the high supply range, high DC precision (4-uV offset and 0.08-uV\/C offset drift), and low power consumption (\u003cstrong\u003e220uA\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003equiescent current) that minimizes the thermal dissipation requirements. Because of the internal OVP topology, the device provides better DC and AC accuracy under normal operating conditions compared to passive external protection and results in a smaller system solution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first stage of the signal chain is an attenuator and level shifter. The input signal to this stage is bipolar ±10 V that is attenuated to ±2.5 V, then is level-shifted so that the output is a single-ended, 0V to 5V signal. The feedback and gain resistors were selected as 20 kΩ and 80 kΩ, respectively. Thus, the combined impedance is 100 kΩ, which lowers the input current to the signal chain and minimizes errors resulting from higher output impedance sensors. The second stage of the signal chain uses the second channel of the OPA2206 to create a 3rd-order Butterworth filter with a –3-dB response of 20 kHz. For more information on filter design, please refer to the datasheet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"simple-alert-boxes sab_info sab_normal\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePR1:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSet a voltage of 2V at pin 3 of the chip using trimmer potentiometer PR1.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply +\/-12V DC (Dual 12V DC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput signal range: ±10 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput signal frequency: up to 10 kHz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3rd-order Butterworth filter -3-dB frequency: 20 kHz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput voltage: 0 V to 5 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrimmer Potentiometer to Adjust the Offset Voltage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput protection: up to ±52 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 22.38 x 18.26 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1= Signal Output 0 to 5V, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 = VC +12V, Pin 2 = GND, Pin 3 = -VE -12V, Pin 4 = +\/-10V Signal Input, Pin 5 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1: Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47221784903852,"sku":"B132","price":12.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B132A.jpg?v=1789549376"},{"product_id":"frequency-to-voltage-converter-tachometer-variable-reluctance-magnetic-pickup-to-voltage-converter","title":"Frequency To Voltage Converter (Tachometer) – Variable Reluctance Magnetic Pickup to Voltage Converter","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe circuit shown here is a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003efrequency-to-voltage converter\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ethat can be used in many applications. This is a signal conditioner for\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariable Reluctance Magnetic Pickup Sensor\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eused in engines or machines to detect the speed by sensing gears’ teeth. The input signal level is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20mV to 28V\u003c\/strong\u003e. The circuit provides 1V (67Hz\/Volt) when the input frequency is 67Hz with a 15V power supply. The maximum input frequency is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1Khz\u003c\/strong\u003e. The project was built using\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLM2907N-8\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eIC, refer to the datasheet of the chip for more information and various configurations. CN1 connector is provided to connect the sensor or input signal. D1 power LED, CN2 Power input, and Voltage output. Use the formula below to calculate voltage output from the desired frequency input.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eV\u003csub\u003eOUT\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e= f\u003csub\u003eIN\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e× VCC × R3 × C4\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eLM2907\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eseries of tachometer circuits are designed for minimum external part count applications and maximum versatility. To fully exploit its features and advantages, first examine its theory of operation. The first stage of the operation is a differential amplifier driving a positive feedback flip-flop circuit. The input threshold voltage is the amount of differential input voltage at which the output of this stage changes state. Two options (8-pin LM2907 and LM2917) have one input internally grounded so that an input signal must swing above and below ground and exceed the input thresholds to produce an output. This is offered specifically for magnetic variable reluctance pickups which typically provide a single-ended AC output. This single input is also fully protected against voltage swings to ±28 V, which are easily attained with these types of pickups. The differential input options (LM2907, LM2917) give the user the option of setting his input switching level and still having the hysteresis around that level for excellent noise rejection in any application. Of course, to allow the inputs to attain common-mode voltages above ground, input protection is removed and neither input should be taken outside the limits of the supply voltage being used. It is very important that an input not go below ground without some resistance in its lead to limit the current that will then flow in the epi-substrate diode. Following the input stage is the charge pump where the input frequency is converted to a DC voltage. To do this requires one timing capacitor, one output resistor, and an integrating or filter capacitor. When the input stage changes state (due to a suitable zero crossing or differential voltage on the input) the timing capacitor is either charged or discharged linearly between two voltages whose difference is VCC\/2. Then in one-half cycle of the input frequency or a time equal to 1\/2 fIN the change in charge on the timing capacitor is equal to VCC\/2 × C1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating Supply 15V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput 67Hz\/Volt (67Hz = 1Volt)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum input Frequency 1Khz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGround Referenced Tachometer Input Interfaces Directly with Variable Reluctance Magnetic Pickups\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGround-Referenced Tachometer is Fully Protected from Damage Due to Swings Above VCC and Below Ground\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput Swings to Ground for Zero Frequency Input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFrequency Doubling for Low Ripple\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Signal Level 20mV to 28V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB dimensions: 31.12 x 12.86 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eApplications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVariable Reluctance Magnetic Pickup to Voltage Converter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSound Signal to Voltage Converter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpeedo Meter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnder or Over Speed Sensing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTouch Sensor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFrequency to Voltage Converter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47222660300972,"sku":"B133","price":12.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B133a.jpg?v=1789557233"},{"product_id":"really-large-size-7-segment-display-with-spi-interface-8-channel-spi-relay-board","title":"Really Large Size 7 Segment Display with SPI Interface – 8 Channel SPI Relay Board","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is an SPI Interface multichannel relay board for high voltage AC or low voltage DC loads. It is ideal for controlling LEDs lights, coffee machines, fans, pumps, or other high-voltage electrical appliances. The board also breaks out the SPI header, so controlling other boards is still possible. Each relay can handle current up to 7A @ 250V AC\/30V DC. This 8 x channel board is mainly designed for AC loads, but it can also drive DC loads, screw terminals on each channel enable the easy interface of the AC load, and each point is marked as AC-Live and AC Neutral. Refer to the connection diagram for the interface. The project consists of 8 x 12V relays with load capacity 7A @ 250V AC,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eULN2803\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e8 channel relay driver,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e74HC595\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSPI to 8 output, 5V regulator\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7805,\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003epower LED, screw terminals for loads and AC input, header connector for SPI input and output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSPI Interface:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e6-pin header CN11 is provided for data input and CN10 connector is the SPI output that can be interfaced with multiple boards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eControlling Large Size 7 Segment Display (Display size Approx. 8 Feet x 4 Feet)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe have created and tested a large-size 7-segment display with this board and an Arduino. Arduino example code is available as a download. Wiring between Arduino vs SPI 8 channel board as follows:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 1:5V DC Output (200mA Maximum) \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003cstrong\u003eArduino 5V DC\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 2:SR\/SRCLK\/SH-CP (74HC595 Pin 11) \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003cstrong\u003eArduino Digital Pin D13\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 3: RCLK\/ST-CP (74HC595 Pin 12) \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArduino Digital Pin D12\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 4: SDI\/DS\/SER (74HC595 Pin 14) \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArduino Digital Pin D11\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 5: GND \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArduino GND\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 6: GND \u0026gt;\u0026gt;\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNot Connected\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArduino Code Credits\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\/\"\u003ehttp:\/\/www.learnerswings.com\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEach segment is made using 20W LED Batten (LED Tube Light) with Dimensions 113.5 x 2.8 x 6.8 cm, which works with 230V AC supply, user may use a smaller batten.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe project is tested with a single 7-segment display, but the user may use multiple displays with multiple boards, and use SPI outputs for other boards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConnections for 7 Segments + DP\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2 Load 1 = Segment a\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3 Load 2 = Segment b\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN4 Load 3 = Segment c\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN5 Load 4 = Segment d\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN6 Load 5 = Segment e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN7 Load 6 = Segment f\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN8 Load 7 = Segment g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN9 Load 8 = Segment DP\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSPI In CN11 Connections\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 1:5V DC Output (200mA Maximum)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 2:SR\/SRCLK\/SH-CP (74HC595 Pin 11)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 3: RCLK\/ST-CP (74HC595 Pin 12)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 4: SDI\/DS\/SER (74HC595 Pin 14)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 5: GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 6: GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSPI Output CN10 Connections\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 1:5V DC Output (200mA Maximum)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 2:SR\/SRCLK\/SH-CP (74HC595 Pin 11)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 3: RCLK\/ST-CP (74HC595 Pin 12)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 4: SDO (74HC595 Pin 9)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 5: GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 6: GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAC 230V Input CN1\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 1 AC Live In\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 2 AC Neutral In\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAC Loads – 8 Channel (CN2, CN3, CN4, CN5, CN6, CN7, CN8, CN9)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 1 AC Live Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 2 AC Neutral Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConnector CN13\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 1 5V DC Output Maximum Load 200mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin 2 GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePower Supply Input – CN12\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin1 VCC 12V DC (CN12)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePin2 GND (CN12)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConnector CN12 (Optional Connector, do not Install read Note 1 for more info)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating Supply 12V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent Consumption 400mA Approx. when All Relays are ON (Each Relay 50mA)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEasy SPI Interface using Header Connector\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSPI Output for Multiple board interface\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8 Channel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrew Terminals for Loads and AC input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 4.2mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 137.16 x 47.94mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47222897705132,"sku":"B134","price":30.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/C113.jpg?v=1789559805"},{"product_id":"two-channel-smart-low-side-power-switch-for-inductive-resistive-and-capacitive-loads-arduino-shield","title":"Two Channel Smart Low-Side Power Switch for Inductive, Resistive and Capacitive Loads – Arduino Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProduct presented here enables users to switch all kinds of resistive, inductive and capacitive loads, limited by clamping energy (EAS) and maximum current requirement. The user may interface 2 x inductive, resistive, and capacitive loads such as solenoid, dc motor, high current contact switch, high current relay, LEDs, lamps, and piezo etc. The project is most suitable for inductive loads as well as loads with inrush current. The project has been designed using \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBTF3050TE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e IC which is a \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e50 mΩ\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e single-channel Smart Low-Side Power Switch in a \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePG-TO252-5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e package providing embedded protective functions. The power transistor is built by a N-channel vertical power \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMOSFET.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e The device is monolithically integrated. The BTF3050TE is automotive qualified and is optimized for 12V automotive and industrial applications. Two loads can be controlled using \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArduino UNO\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. IC has a thermal-restart function. The device will turn on again, if input is still high, after the measured temperature has dropped below the thermal hysteresis.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperates 2 x Loads (Nominal Load Current Each Channel 3A – 6A both)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum on State Resistance 100mOhms Each Channel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating Voltage Range 12V-24V for Load ( 3V to 28V Operating Range)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating Supply Voltage Range VCC 3 to 5.5V (Connected to 5V of Arduino Uno)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Signal Maximum 5.5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe project can drive Inductive, Resistive, Capacitive Loads\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArduino Digital pin D3 drives Load-1, and D5 drives Load-2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBTF3050TE Input PWM \u0026lt; 20Khz or TTL Input (Arduino D3 and D5)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSW1 and SW2 Resets switch when a Fault condition occurs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOver-temperature shutdown with auto-restart\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActive clamp over voltage protection of the output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnhanced short circuit protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActive clamp over voltage protection of the output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 additional LEDs On Arduino D11 and D12 provided for operation indication.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB dimensions: 61.91 x 50.64 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47241075327148,"sku":"C116","price":17.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/C116B.jpg?v=1789714551"},{"product_id":"2-channel-wi-fi-relay-module-using-esp8266-node-mcu","title":"2 Channel Wi-Fi Relay Module Using ESP8266 Node MCU","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe project described here is an ESP8266 Node MCU Two Channel Relay Module. This board enables users to control 2 x relays remotely. The 2 channels can be controlled remotely using a webserver\/WiFi connection. The project works with 5VDC. Two LEDs indicate relay operation. Screw terminals help user to connect devices and power the supply. Relay output has 3 contacts normally closed, normally open, and common. Relay can drive a load up to 10A\/250VAC or 10A\/30VDC. It can be used in applications such as IoT and smart Home\/Home automation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe board can be connected to a server through a TCP Client and also can be controlled by HTTP. With this module, users can upload firmware and can create a versatile IoT project. It is suitable for your smart home and IoT project with network control.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHardware Details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eESP8266 MCUNODE (WiFi)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 x 5V Relay\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 x LEDs Relay Operations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 x 3 Pin Screw Terminals (Relay Output Normally Open, Normally Closed and Common Connections)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 Pin Screw Terminal Power Input 5V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 x BJT (Transistors) drive relays\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 x Flyback diodes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eESP8266 GPIO15 Connected to Relay 1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eESP8266 GPIO13 Connected to Relay 2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply 5V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent 100mA (when Relays are on)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 x Relay LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 3MM Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrew Terminal for Easy Connections\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 57.63 x 53.98 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections and Other Details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1 Power Supply: Pin 1 = 5V DC, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 Normally Closed, Pin 2 = Common, Pin 3 = Normally Open (Relay 1 Contacts)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3: Pin 1 Normally Closed, Pin 2 = Common, Pin 3 = Normally Open (Relay 2 Contacts)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD2: LED for Relay 1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD4: LED for Relay 2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47241394323628,"sku":"C117","price":27.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/C117.jpg?v=1789715419"},{"product_id":"dual-channel-voltage-to-current-v-i-converter-circuit-with-bjt","title":"Dual Channel Voltage-to-Current (V-I) converter circuit with BJT","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis low-side voltage-to-current (V-I) converter delivers a well-regulated current to a load. The circuit accepts an input voltage from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0V to 3V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand converts it to a current from\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0A to 6A\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e(combined). The current is accurately regulated by feeding back the voltage drop across a low-side current-sense resistor (R8, R9 + R16, R17) to the OPAMP. Resistor divider (R4 and R5 + R12 and R13) is implemented to limit the maximum voltage at the non-inverting input, Vin, and sense resistor, (R8, R9 + R16, R17), at full-scale. Using a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDarlington BJT\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ereduces the output current requirement for the OPAMP. Feedback components R6+R13, R7+R15, and C5+C6 provide compensation to ensure stability. R6+R13 isolates the input capacitance of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) R7+R15 provides a DC feedback path directly at the current setting resistor (R8, R9 + R16, R17), and C5+C6 provides a high-frequency feedback path that bypass the BJT.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe project is built using the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA2170\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edual OPAMP, which enables the creation of two separate channels. Each channel is capable of handling a current of up to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3A\u003c\/strong\u003e, and when combined, they provide a total current of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6A\u003c\/strong\u003e. Users have the flexibility to utilize only one channel if a lower current is required, in which case the components associated with the second channel can be omitted. To achieve a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6A load\u003c\/strong\u003e, simply tie inputs A1 and A2 together. For a 3A load, only one input is necessary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Power Supply Range 12V to 30V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad 5Amps (3A + 3A)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Voltage 0 to 3V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 4 mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 91.44 x 36.20 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 = Power Supply Input 12V TO 30V, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 = +Load, Pin 2 = -Load\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3: Pin 1 = No Use, Pin 2 = Analog Voltage in for Channel A1, Pin 3 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN4: Pin 1 = No Use, Pin 2 = Analog Voltage in for Channel A2, Pin 3 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1: Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47241703784620,"sku":"B136","price":78.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B136.jpg?v=1789717645"},{"product_id":"unipolar-to-bipolar-level-translator-0v-to-5v-unipolar-to-10v-bipolar-converter","title":"Unipolar-to-Bipolar Level Translator 0V to 5V Unipolar to ±10V Bipolar Converter","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis design is intended to translate a small unipolar signal to a wide bipolar signal. A common application is to translate a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0 to 5V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eDAC output to a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e±10V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebipolar signal. All resistors are\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1%\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebut it is advisable to select\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.1% 20 ppm\/°C\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eresistors for good gain, offset accuracy, and drift tolerance. A calibration at room temperature can be done to minimize the gain error, but gain drift can only be reduced by minimizing the resistor drift (choosing resistors with TC ≤ 20 ppm\/°C). The project is built using\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOPA2206\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ePrecision, bipolar, e‑trim OPAMP.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eREF5050\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eprovides\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ereference voltage to OPAMP. The board works with a dual ±15V DC Power Supply.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply ±15V DC (Dual 15V DC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput 0 to 5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput ±10V (Dual 10V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBandwidth 50Khz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 26.19 x 13.34mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 +15V DC, Pin 2 = GND, Pin 3 = -15V DC, Pin 4 = 0 to 5V Signal, Pin 5 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 = Output ±10V (Dual 10V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1: Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47242128982188,"sku":"B137","price":28.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B137A.jpg?v=1789721276"},{"product_id":"adjustable-current-source-0-to-1a","title":"Adjustable Current Source – 0 to 1A","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis voltage-to-current (V-I) converter delivers a well-regulated current to a load. The circuit accepts an adjustable input voltage from Trimmer potentiometer PR1 and converts it to an output current from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0A to 1A\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. The current is regulated by feeding the voltage across a low-side, current-sense resistor R9 back to the OPAMP. The output Darlington pair allows for higher current gain. Feedback components R8 and C6 provide frequency compensation to ensure the stability of the circuit during transients. They also help reduce noise. R8 provides a DC feedback path directly at the current setting resistor, R9, and C1 provide a high-frequency feedback path that bypasses the NPN pair.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply 24V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput Current 0 to 1A (Adjustable)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 41.59 x 30.48 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 2.5 mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 = GND, Pin + Load Supply 24V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 = + Load Supply, Pin 2 GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1: Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePR1: Current Adjust 0 to 1A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47242263068844,"sku":"B138","price":18.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B138A.jpg?v=1789722499"},{"product_id":"two-channel-high-side-switch-with-current-sensing","title":"Two Channel High-Side Switch with Current Sensing","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a two Channel high-side switch designed for automotive applications. It has a built-in overcurrent limit function, thermal shutdown protection function, open load detection function, low power output-OFF function etc. It also has a current sensing function of output load current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResistor R1, R2, R6, R7 limit resistance for the negative surge\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResistor R3, R8, capacitor C2, C4 for noise suppression filters\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower 6V to 28V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eON Resistance 45mOhmes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuilt-in current sensing function\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuilt-in Dual TSD (Note 1)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuilt-in Overcurrent Protection Function (OCP)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuilt-in thermal shutdown protection function (TSD)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuilt-in open load detection function\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuilt-in Low-Voltage Output-OFF Function (UVLO)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuilt-in diagnostic output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInput Frequency 1Khz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow On-Resistance Single Nch MOSFET Switch (On Resistance 45mOhm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrew Terminals for Loads and Power Input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeader Connector for Input, Current Sense\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 4 mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 54.61 x 40.32 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esense voltage\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003evaries linearly according to the load current IOUT during normal operation The Vsense theoretical equation are shown bellow:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVsense=Rsense\/Isense\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIsense=Iout\/N\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVsense=RsenseXIout\/N= 1000X2\/1450 = 1.379V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVsense=1.379V\/2A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 = VI1 Load Supply, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3: Pin 1 = Load\/OP1, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN4: Pin 1 = VI2 Load Supply, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN5: Pin 1 = Load\/OP2, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1: Output 1 LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD2: Output 2 LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 = Input 1, Pin 2 = Diagnostic\/Sense\/Enable 1, Pin 3 = Sense 1, Pin 4 = GND, Pin 5 = Input 2,Pin 6 = Diagnostic\/Sense\/Enable 2, Pin 7 =- Sense 2, Pin 8 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInrush Current\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eWhen power is first supplied to the IC, it is possible that the internal logic may be unstable and inrush current may flow instantaneously due to the internal powering sequence and delays, especially if the IC has more than one power supply. Therefore, give special consideration to power coupling capacitance, power wiring, width of ground wiring, and routing of connections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shutdown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFunction (TSD) This IC has a built-in thermal shutdown function that prevents heat damage to the IC. Normal operation should always be within the IC’s maximum junction temperature rating. If however, the rating is exceeded for a continued period, the junction temperature (Tj) will rise which will activate the TSD function that will turn OFF power output pins. When the Tj falls below the TSD threshold, the circuits are automatically restored to normal operation. Note that the TSD function operates in a situation that exceeds the absolute maximum ratings and therefore, under no circumstances, should the TSD function be used in a set design or for any purpose other than protecting the IC from heat damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shutdown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eProtection This IC has a built-in thermal shutdown protection function. When the IC chip temperature exceeds175 °C (Typ), the output is turned OFF and self-diagnostic output (SENSE) becomes VSENSEH. When the temperature goes below 150 °C (Typ), output will self-reset and operation becomes normal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eΔTj Protection\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThis IC has a built-in ΔTj protection function that turns OFF the output when the temperature difference (TDTJ) between the POWER-MOS unit (TPOWER-MOS) and the control unit (TAMB) in the IC is 90 °C (Typ) or more. ΔTj protection also has a built-in hysteresis (TDTJHYS) that returns the output to normal state when the temperature difference becomes 30 °C (Typ) or less.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOver Current Protection\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFunction This IC incorporates an integrated overcurrent protection function that is activated when the load is shorted. This protection function is effective in preventing damage due to sudden and unexpected incidents. However, the IC should not be used in applications characterized by continuous operation or transitioning of the protection function. When overcurrent flows in the output, the output current is limited to 30A (Typ) and self-diagnostic output (SENSE) becomes VSENSEH.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47242269393068,"sku":"B139","price":24.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B138A_da8b0b02-37a1-470b-98b6-c162a4f2c499.jpg?v=1789723024"},{"product_id":"high-voltage-half-bridge-board-with-adjustable-pwm-signal-generation","title":"High-Voltage Half-Bridge Board with Adjustable PWM Signal Generation","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe high-voltage half-bridge board features a 2ED2184 half-bridge gate driver, 2 x IKW20N60H3FKSA1-ND IGBTs, and an SG3525 PWM signal generator. This board is designed to support bus supplies of up to 400V DC, PWM frequency up to 6.5Khz and adjustable duty cycle range 2% to 98% making it suitable for a wide range of applications, including: Refrigeration systems DC-DC converters AC to DC converters Electric vehicle (EV) chargers High-power LED and HID lighting systems Induction heating systems Features Load Power Supply 400V DC Load Current 2-5Amps Power Supply Logic Gate Driver 12-15V DC On Board Power LED On Board Multiturn Potentiometer for Frequency\/PWM Adjust PWM Signal Adjustable 2% to 98% Frequency Adjustable 500Hz to 6.5Khz Barrier Terminal Blocks for Load and Load Power Input On Board 100uF\/450VDC Bus Capacitor PCB Mounting Holes 4 x 4 mm PCB Dimensions 79.53 x 43.50 mm The onboard SG3525 chip provides adjustable frequency and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal generation, allowing users to customize the output to their specific needs.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Power Supply 400V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Current 2-5Amps\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply Logic Gate Driver 12-15V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Multiturn Potentiometer for Frequency\/PWM Adjust\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePWM Signal Adjustable 2% to 98%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFrequency Adjustable 500Hz to 6.5Khz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBarrier Terminal Blocks for Load and Load Power Input\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board 100uF\/450VDC Bus Capacitor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Mounting Holes 4 x 4 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 79.53 x 43.50 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe onboard\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSG3525\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echip provides adjustable frequency and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal generation, allowing users to customize the output to their specific needs. The PWM signal is adjustable, with a duty cycle range of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2% to 98%\u003c\/strong\u003e. The frequency adjustment range is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e500Hz\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eto\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.5KHz,\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand can be fine-tuned using the multiturn trim pot PR1. Additionally, the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSG3525\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echip is capable of generating higher frequencies of up to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e400KHz\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eby altering the value of capacitor C8 (refer to the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSG3525\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edatasheet for more information).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2ED2184\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ehalf-bridge gate driver is compatible with other suitable MOSFETs or IGBTs, depending on the voltage and load current requirements. Users should consider the bootstrap capacitor, DC bus capacitor, and gate resistors when selecting alternative MOSFETs or IGBTs. The project has been tested with a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100V DC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esupply and a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2A load.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSG3525 PWM Generator\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSG3525\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echip generates a 5V PWM signal to the gate driver, which is adjustable using the multiturn trim pot P1. The PWM signal has a duty cycle range of 2% to 98%, and the frequency adjustment range is 500Hz to 6.5KHz using the multiturn trim pot PR1. By altering the value of capacitor C8, the SG3525 chip can generate higher frequencies of up to 400KHz (refer to the SG3525 datasheet for more information).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1 Load Power: Pin1 = +VL, pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Not Used\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3 Load: Pin 1 = GND, Pin 2 = Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eP1: PWM Adjust Multiturn potentiometer\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePR1: Frequency Adjust Multiturn potentiometer\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1: Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47242304323756,"sku":"G179","price":54.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/G179.jpg?v=1789724380"},{"product_id":"isolated-rs485-rs422-transceiver-with-integrated-dc-dc-converter","title":"Isolated RS485\/RS422 Transceiver with Integrated DC-DC Converter","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe product presented here is a galvanically isolated differential line transceiver with a built-in isolated DC-DC converter for TIA\/EIA RS-485 and RS-422 applications. Both signal and power paths are isolated per UL1577 and are qualified for reinforced isolation per VDE, CSA, and CQC. The low-emissions, isolated DC\/DC converter ensures the final system is capable of meeting CISPR 32 radiated emissions limit lines with just two ferrites’ beads. The project is ideal for long-distance communications. Isolation breaks the ground loop between the communicating nodes, allowing for a much larger common-mode voltage range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe project supports a maximum data rate of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 Mbps\u003c\/strong\u003e. It can operate from a single supply voltage of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3V to 5.5V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eby connecting VC and 5V on PCB. If lower logic levels are required, these devices support a 1.71V to 5.5V logic supply (VIO) that can be independent from the power converter supply (VDD) of 3V to 5.5V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply Logic 1.71 V to 5.5V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Converter Supply 3V to 5.5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor Single Supply Operation Supply Input Range 3V to 5.5V (Combined DC-DC Input and Logic Power Input)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Converter Output Isolated (Output) Side 3.3V (Can be Changed to 5V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrated low-emissions DC-DC converter with low-emissions, low-noise\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRS-485 with PROFIBUS Compatibility – Open, Short, and Idle Bus Failsafe\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1\/8 Unit Load: Up to 256 Nodes on Bus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProject Supports Full-Duplex, It Can also Be Used for Half-Duplex\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlitch-free Power Up Down\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent Limit and Thermal Shutdown\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 3 mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 56.04 x 31.12 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47242337779884,"sku":"B140","price":28.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B140.jpg?v=1789725029"},{"product_id":"rc-radio-controlled-switch-with-relay","title":"RC Radio Controlled Switch with Relay","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis RC Relay project enables control of large current devices using a Radio Control (RC) System. This RC switch converts hobby radio control (RC) pulses to control the on\/off state of the Relay. On board LED indicates the output. The board is Arduino compatible and the example code can be modified as per user requirements.  The relay ON\/OFF threshold can be set as per user requirements. The Arduino sample code enables momentary ON\/OFF control of the relay, but this can be modified for Latch output. The relay can handle a load up to 7A – 30V DC or 7 Amps 230AC Loads such as bulbs, LEDs, motors, fans, heaters etc. The project can be connected to an unused RC channel. It operates with 5V DC and draws 60mA current when the relay is ON. 3 Pin male header helps the user to connect the RC receiver. The project is Arduino compatible and can be programmed using \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArduino IDE\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e with the help of an onboard programming connector. The project consists of an Atmega328 microcontroller, programming\/bootloader connector, relay, BC847 BJT transistor to drive the relay, freewheel diode for protection from the relay, and U2 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePC817\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e provides isolation between the microcontroller and relay. D1 LED indicates output, D3 LED power LED. connector CN2 relay switch connection, connector CN1 5V supply input.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply 5V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent 60mA when Relay is On\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRC Signal 1000 to 2000 uS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelay Switch Activate Threshold Time 1460 – 1090uS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelay Output-Load 230V AC Up to 7Amps, 30V DC up to 7Amps\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Output LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeader Connector for RC Receiver Interface\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 2.5mm Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 66.68 x 22.23mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections and Other Details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 = VCC, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Relay Switch\/Output Pin 1 = Normally Closed, Pin 2 = Common, Pin 3 = Normally Open\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3: Programming Connector Pin 1= TX, Pin 2 = RX, Pin 3 = Reset, Pin 4 = GND, Pin 5 = VCC, Pin 6 = D11, Pin 7 = D12, Pin 8 = D13\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN4: RC Receiver Pin 1 = RC Pulse Input, Pin 2 = VCC, Pin 3 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1: Relay Output LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD3: Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47242495099052,"sku":"B141","price":22.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B141.jpg?v=1789727544"},{"product_id":"dc-solid-state-power-relay-with-current-feedback","title":"DC Solid State Power Relay with Current Feedback","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptically Coupled Power MOSFET Relay with Galvanically Isolated Current Monitor Output\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis project employs\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCPC1718J\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e100V Single-Pole, Normally Open DC-Only Power Relay and\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACS71240\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eGalvanically Isolated Current Sensor IC with Common-Mode Field Rejection and Overcurrent Detection. The board can be used for applications such as industrial controls, motor control, robotics, and electronics switching. The relay is normally open and requires a\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e3.3V to 5V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003einput signal to operate with a maximum operating load power supply of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100V DC,\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand load up to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.75A\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewithout a heatsink and\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17.5A\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith a heatsink.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections and Other Details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 = VCC Input Up to 90V DC, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 = +Load, Pin 2 = GND-Load\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1: Power LED Logic Supply for Current Sense Circuit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3: Pin 1 = 3.3V Input for Current Sense IC, Pin 2 = Current Monitor Output, Pin 3 = Fault (Active Low), Pin 4 = GND(Logic), Pin 5 = LED Anode, Pin 6 = LED Cathode\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Power Supply 90V DC (Range up to 100V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Current 6.75A Without Heatsink, 17.5A with heatsink and Fan\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Relay Low 0.075W On-Resistance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2500Vrms Input\/Output Isolation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelay Turn-on Time 7.5mS to 20mS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelay Turn Off Time 0.19mS to 5mS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelay Input Signal 3.3V to 5V @ 10mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 52.71MM X 50.17MM\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 X 4MM Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e100uF \/100V DC Bus Capacitor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScrew Terminals for Load and Load Power Supply\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCurrent Sense\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperating Power Supply 3.3V DC @ 15mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput 132mV\/A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZero-Current Output Voltage 1.65V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent Sense Range up to 10Amps (Read Note2 for Higher Current)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOvercurrent FAULT available between 50% and 200% IP with 1.5 µs (typ) response time\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFault Output Active Low\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent Sensor Accuracy Error 5%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCurrent Monitor Output\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe project also consists of a current sensor for load current feedback. The current sense circuit is built using\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACS71240.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThe current sense output is also galvanically isolated and can be used to monitor the load current, fault condition, open load, and short circuit. The current sense circuit requires\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.3V\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eSupply, and the sensor output is\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e132mV\/A\u003c\/strong\u003e, Zero-Current Output Voltage\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.65V.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe normal output of the current sensor is 1.65V when the load is disabled or not connected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACS71240\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecurrent sensor IC is an economical and precise solution for AC or DC current sensing in industrial, automotive, commercial, and communications applications. The device consists of a precise, low-offset linear Hall sensor circuit with a copper conduction path located near the surface of the die. Applied current flowing through this copper path generates a magnetic field which is sensed by the integrated Hall IC and converted into a proportional voltage. The resistance of the integrated conductor is far less than typical sense resistors, which reduces power loss and improves efficiency.  Rejection of external common-mode magnetic fields is achieved through differential sensing, enabling high accuracy in magnetically noisy environments. A precise voltage proportional to the measured current is generated by the low-offset, chopper stabilized Hall front end\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47242576461996,"sku":"B142","price":22.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B141_28f74525-cba4-4080-91ea-c79d059bad8b.jpg?v=1789728664"},{"product_id":"deep-discharge-protector-for-3-6v-li-ion-battery","title":"Deep Discharge Protector for 3.6V Li-Ion Battery","description":"\u003cp\u003eA rechargeable battery’s load should be disconnected at the point of complete discharge, to avoid a further (deep) discharge that can shorten its life or destroy it. Because a battery’s terminal voltage recovers when you disconnect the load, you can’t simply disconnect the load when the terminal voltage dips below the established threshold and then re-connect it when the voltage returns above that threshold. Such action may produce chatter in the disconnect switch. The project shown here is a complete solution to this problem.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe circuit disconnects the load when the battery level goes below a set point. The project is built using the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMAX882\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003echip, which has a low-battery comparator and error amplifier that share the internal reference and the external resistor divider. With the resistor values shown, the low-battery output (LBO) goes low and disconnects both the battery and load when the output falls eighty percent below its nominal value. The battery and load then remain disconnected until RESET is clicked by SW1. Two factors enable the latching action in this circuit: the low-battery comparator remains active during shutdown (most regulators deactivate this comparator during shutdown), and the circuit monitors the regulated output voltage instead of the battery voltage (regulator voltage can’t recover until the regulator is turned back on). The circuit also provides an active-low POWER FAIL signal (LBO, pin 1) that goes low 50ms before the output is turned off. When LBO goes low, C1 discharges through R1 until the active low STBY input reaches its threshold\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(1.15V).\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe IC then enters its standby mode and disconnects the battery. IC1 is a linear regulator capable of sourcing\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e150mA\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e350mV\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edropout voltage. It has a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10µA\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003estandby current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe disconnect voltage level is set to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.08V\u003c\/strong\u003e. When the battery voltage drops to 3.08V, it disconnects the load, to reverse the condition, recharge the battery or replace and press the SW1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections and Other Details\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 +V 3.3V Output, Pin 2 GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 -Battery (GND), Pin 2 + Battery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSW1: Reset Switch\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGood for 3.6V Li-Ion Battery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutput 3.3V @ 150mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCut-off Voltage 3.08V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Up to 150mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn Board Reset Switch\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 23.18 x 17.46mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47242739384492,"sku":"B143","price":8.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B143.jpg?v=1789731646"},{"product_id":"under-over-voltage-and-current-protection-switch-high-current","title":"Under\/Over Voltage and Current Protection Switch – High Current","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis simple product allows users to design an under-voltage, over-voltage, under-current, and over-current protection switch. It is a very useful system for safeguarding electrical loads against abnormal power or current conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe project features a relay with\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eoptocoupler\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003einput, a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecurrent-sensing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecircuit based on the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLTC6102\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eamplifier, a\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6 mΩ shunt resistor\u003c\/strong\u003e, and a voltage divider network for voltage feedback. It is primarily designed for low-voltage and high-current applications up to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10A,\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ebut the relay can handle loads up to 30A at supply voltages up to 48 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe system can be easily controlled using an Arduino or other microcontrollers. Voltage and current feedback signals are fed into the microcontroller’s ADC pins for measurement, while the relay can be switched using a\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e5 V control signal\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efrom the processor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupply 12V DC Relay Circuit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Supply 5 To 48V, Load Current Up to 10A (Max 12A)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelay Triger Input 5V 20mA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent Sensor Output 0.2V\/A (10A =2V)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Up to 10Amps (Max12A), Load Supply Up to 48V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Power Supply Feedback 4.364 @ 48V, 0.455 @ 5V Supply\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 4mm PCB Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 56.52 x 45.88mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOver\/Under Current Switch\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LTC6102 current-sense amplifier measures the voltage across the shunt resistor and provides an output voltage proportional to the load current. This output can be read by the microcontroller’s ADC to implement over-current or under-current protection logic. on-board current-sense resistor R5 voltage-drop, provides a precision output voltage proportional to load current. The circuit includes scaling resistors R8 and R11 that program the gain of the circuit to 33.3V\/V. The LTC6102 is powered from the same supply that the sense resistor is connected to and provides a ground referenced output. The LTC6102 can perform current measurements on supplies ranging from 5V to 48V. Since the output voltage is developed as a controlled current through a load resistance, ground loop errors can be eliminated by simply locating the load resistor at the destination point (subsequent signal processing such as A\/D conversion). Remote loading can be evaluated by simply removing the on-board load resistor (R5).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"simple-alert-boxes sab_info sab_normal\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe system is designed for load voltages up to 48 V, ensuring that the ADC feedback voltage remains below 5 V\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOver\/Under Voltage Switch\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA resistor divider network, formed by R5 = 10 kΩ and R10 = 1 kΩ, is used to scale down the load voltage for ADC measurement. This feedback allows the controller to detect both over-voltage and under-voltage conditions. At 48 V input, the divider provides approximately 4.364 V, and at 5 V input, about 0.455 V. These resistor values can be modified to suit different voltage ranges as required by the application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOperations\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn Over\/Under Voltage and Current Protection Switch can be designed using a combination of voltage divider resistors for voltage feedback, the LTC6102 current sense amplifier for current feedback, and a relay for switching the load on or off at preset threshold levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe board can be interfaced with an Arduino or other microcontroller. The voltage and current feedback signals connect to the ADC inputs, while the optocoupler output connects to a digital pin to control the relay and enable or disable the load. Relay Normally open and Normally closed contacts are open can be route through external wring.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1: Pin 1 = VIN 12V DC Relay Power, Pin 2 = Optocoupler Anode, Pin 3 = Optocoupler Cathode, Pin 4 = Current Feedback Output (VO), Pin 5 = Voltage Feedback, Pin 6 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2 Relay Contacts: Pin 1 = Relay Normally Closed, Pin 2 = Relay Common. Pin 3 = Normally Open\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3: Pin 1 = +Load Power Input, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN4: Pin 1 = + Load Output, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD1: Relay LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47242800070828,"sku":"B144","price":18.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B144.jpg?v=1789735190"},{"product_id":"half-bridge-with-over-current-protection-400v-1a","title":"Half-Bridge with Over Current Protection – 400V\/1A","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHalf-Bridge Driver\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eproject presented here is designed to support load power supplies of up to\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e400V DC\u003c\/strong\u003e. The board features the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIRS2890DS\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eHalf-Bridge Gate Driver IC, which is paired with two IGBTs rated at\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8A\/650V\u003c\/strong\u003e, conveniently mounted on the board. The board features overcurrent shutdown. Barrier Terminal Blocks provided for load and input supply.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatures\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoad Power Supply 400V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum Load 1Amps\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLogic Gate Driver Power Supply 15V-16V DC (VC\/VCC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFault Clear\/Enable Power Supply 3.3V-5V (VD)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFault Clear Time Approx. 1mS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOver Current Protection Threshold 4.58A (I-TRIP)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShort Circuit Time Constant 1-2uS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHIN\/LIN Input Signal ,3.3 V, 5 V, and 15 V Logic-compatible\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOvercurrent Protection, Fault Reporting and Enable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBarrier Terminal Blocks for Power and Load\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeader Connector for Gate Driver Supply, Inputs, RFE and VD 3.3-5V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 x 4 mm PCB Mounting Holes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePCB Dimensions 60.01 x 34.93 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFunctions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOvercurrent shutdown\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUndervoltage lockout for both high-side and low-side\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCross-conduction prevention\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAll switches turn off during protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActive-high input signal logic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLoad Handling and Overcurrent Protection\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe board is capable of handling loads of up to 1Amp, making it suitable for a variety of applications. The overcurrent trip point is set to 4.58A, providing an added layer of protection against overcurrent conditions. In the event of a fault, the board is designed to clear the condition within 1ms, minimizing downtime and ensuring rapid recovery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConfiguring the Board for Custom MOSFET\/IGBT Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe board can be tailored to meet specific user requirements for switching frequency, DC bus voltage and current. The gate driver chip is designed to drive either IGBT or MOSFET, with provisions for using TO263\/D2PK MOSFET\/IGBT components. To ensure optimal performance, it is crucial to select a MOSFET\/IGBT that matches the output current capacity of the chip, which has a current sink\/source capacity of 220mA\/480mA. Key Considerations for Configuring the Board with an Alternative MOSFET\/IGBT, following factors must be taken into account: Bootstrap Capacitor Value: This value is dependent on the operating frequency and should be selected accordingly. Gate Resistors and Diodes (R2, R3, R4, R6, D1, D2): D1 and D2 are 1N4148-type diodes, and all resistors are 0805 size. These components should be chosen based on the specific requirements of the MOSFET\/IGBT being used. DC Bus Capacitors (C3, C4): The value and voltage of these capacitors must be carefully selected to ensure reliable operation. Shunt Resistor Value for Over Current Protection: This value is critical for protecting the board from overcurrent conditions and should be chosen based on the specific requirements of the application. Time Constant (R7 and C8): The default time constant is set to 1-2μs for overcurrent shutdown. This value can be adjusted as needed to suit the specific application. Fault Clear Time (R5 and C7): This value determines the time it takes for the board to clear a fault condition and should be chosen based on the specific requirements of the application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOver Current Protection\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe integrated comparator is triggered, if the voltage VITRIP is higher than 0.5 V. In case of a trigger event, the voltage at pin RFE is pulled down to low. The IRS2890DS has an overcurrent shutdown function. Its internal comparator monitors the voltage of the ITRIP pin, and if this voltage exceeds the VITRIP+, which is specified in the device’s datasheets, a fault signal is activated and all channels are turned off. Typically, the maximum short-circuit current magnitude is gate voltage dependant. A higher gate voltage results in a larger short-circuit current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFault output, Fault clear timer and Enable pin\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is the fault output alarm pin. An active low output is given on this pin for a fault-state condition in the IRS2890DS. The alarm conditions are overcurrent detection and low-side bias UV (undervoltage) operation. The RFE output is open-drain configured. The RFE signal line is pulled up to the logic power supply (5 V or 3.3 V) with resistance R5 and capacitor C7 between RFE and COM pins to program fault clear time. Externally pulling down the pin can disable the output; for normal operation, this pin default pulled up.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFault output circuit and fault-clear time setup\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe IRS2890DS provides adjustable fault-clear timer. Once ITRIP pin recognizes a fault, the RFE pin is internally pulled to COM. The RFE output stays in the low state until the fault condition has been removed and the fault clear timer expires; once the fault-clear timer expires, the voltage on the RFE pin will return to its external pull up voltage.  The length of the fault-clear time period (TFLTCLR) is determined by the exponential charging characteristics of the capacitor, where the time constant is set by R5 and C7. The length of the fault-clear time period is approx. 1mS. User may refer data sheet of the chip for more information to change the fault clear time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEnable input circuit\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIRS2890DS provides an enable functionality that allows it to shut down or enable the output. When the RFE pin is externally pulled up, the HVIC is able to operate normally (assuming no other fault conditions: undervoltage protection of VCC or overcurrent protection of ITRIP). When the RFE pin is pulled down externally, the gate drive outputs are pulled low until the enable condition is restored.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInput Signal\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe input signals are active-high configured. There is an internal pull-down resistor from each input signal line to COM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOperating Frequency \u0026amp; Test\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTest is conducted with 6.5Khz input frequency, board can support frequency up to 20Khz. Resistor used as load to conduct the test.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eUndervoltage protection\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis IC provides undervoltage lockout protection on both the VCC (logic and low-side circuitry) power supply and the VBS (high-side circuitry) power supply.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHigh Voltage Warning\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is important to note that the project operates with lethal voltage, and users must take all necessary safety precautions before testing the board. After the power is off, the DC bus capacitors remain charged and have lethal voltage, requiring an appropriate waiting time for capacitor discharge before conducting tests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGate Driver Chip Features\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFloating channel designed for bootstrap operation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFully operational to +600 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTolerant to negative transient voltage, dV\/dt immune\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGate drive supply range from 10 V to 20 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUndervoltage lockout for both channels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 V, 5 V, and 15 V input logic-compatible\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatched propagation delay for both channels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLower di\/dt gate driver for better noise immunity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutputs in phase with inputs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrated bootstrap FET\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuitable for both trapezoidal and sinusoidal motor control\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOvercurrent protection, fault reporting and enable\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConnections\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN1 Power Input: Pin1 = Load Power Supply 400V DC, Pin 2 = GND\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN2: Pin 1 = VCC 12V-15V DC, Pin 2 High Input, Pin 3 = Low Input, Pin 4 = RE\/Fault, Pin 5 = GND, Pin 6 = 3.3V-5V DC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCN3 Load: Pin 1 = GND, Pin2 = Output\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eD3: Power LED\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"dotfry","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47242803118252,"sku":"G183","price":30.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0757\/6436\/7532\/files\/B145.jpg?v=1789735698"}],"url":"https:\/\/dotfry.com\/collections\/building-blocks.oembed?page=6","provider":"dotfry","version":"1.0","type":"link"}